OBJECTIVES To utilize focus groups, cognitive interviews, content expert panel, and computer-assisted surveys to develop and pilot survey items assessing exposure to perceived racism-based police violence to enhance the Classes of Racism Frequency of Racial Experiences (CRFRE). METHOD Focus groups and cognitive interviews were conducted with Black emerging adults (n = 44) in St. Louis, Missouri. Utilizing a grounded theory approach, a thematic analysis of the focus group and cognitive interview transcripts was conducted to identify key items to be added to the CRFRE. Three content experts assessed the face and content validity of survey items. Computer-assisted surveys were conducted to pilot the modified CRFRE with a sample of Black emerging adults (n = 300). Confirmatory factor analyses and structural paths were used to examine the construct validity of the modified CRFRE. RESULTS Participant's qualitative data and suggestions from content experts resulted in the development of 16 additional survey items regarding exposure to perceived racism-based police violence across three domains (victim, witness in person, and seen in media). The modified CRFRE measure showed construct validity, internal reliability, and measurement invariance between men and women. CONCLUSIONS This study advances our epidemiological methodology for quantifying exposure to perceived racism-based police violence. Future research is necessary to assess the prevalence of exposure to perceived racism-based police violence and associated mental and behavioral outcomes for Black emerging adults in the U.S. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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改进的种族主义类别种族经历频率测量（M-CRFRE）的开发、构建有效性和测量不变性，以捕获黑人新兴成年人直接和间接接触到的基于种族主义的警察使用武力的情况。

目标 利用焦点小组、认知访谈、内容专家小组和计算机辅助调查来开发和试点调查项目，评估感知到的基于种族主义的警察暴力的暴露程度，以提高种族经历的种族主义频率 (CRFRE)。方法 对密苏里州圣路易斯的黑人新兴成年人（n = 44）进行焦点小组和认知访谈。利用扎根理论方法，对焦点小组和认知访谈记录进行主题分析，以确定要添加到 CRFRE 中的关键项目。三位内容专家评估了调查项目的表面效度和内容效度。我们进行了计算机辅助调查，以黑人新兴成年人（n = 300）为样本，对修改后的 CRFRE 进行试点。使用验证性因素分析和结构路径来检查修改后的 CRFRE 的构造有效性。结果 参与者的定性数据和内容专家的建议导致制定了 16 个额外的调查项目，涉及三个领域（受害者、现场目击者和媒体看到的）所感知到的基于种族主义的警察暴力行为。修改后的 CRFRE 测量显示了男性和女性之间的结构有效性、内部可靠性和测量不变性。结论 这项研究改进了我们的流行病学方法，用于量化所感知的基于种族主义的警察暴力的暴露程度。未来的研究有必要评估美国新兴黑人成年人遭受基于种族主义的警察暴力的普遍程度以及相关的心理和行为结果（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。