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Framing Silver Nanocrystals with a Second Metal to Enhance Shape Stability and Expand Functionality
Accounts of Materials Research ( IF 14.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-03 , DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.1c00269
Dong Qin 1
Affiliation  

Silver nanocrystals embrace fascinating properties for a wide variety of applications, but their performance tends to deteriorate because of shape instability arising from the dissolution of Ag atoms from high-energy sites such as edges and vertices. This issue can be addressed by framing the particle with a more stable metal M for the generation of a Ag@M core-frame nanocrystal. In addition to the improvement in shape stability, the inclusion of metal M expands the functionality and capability of the Ag nanocrystals. The first part of this Account introduces two strategies for the rational synthesis of Ag-based core-frame nanocubes. In the first strategy, a precursor to metal M is cotitrated with Ag+ ions into an aqueous suspension of Ag nanocubes in the presence of ascorbic acid (H2Asc, reducing agent) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, colloidal stabilizer) under ambient conditions. The M and Ag atoms derived from the two precursors are preferentially codeposited along the edges of Ag nanocubes for the creation of Ag@M-Ag core-frame nanocubes. The second strategy combines the carving of Ag from the side faces of Ag nanocubes and the concurrent deposition of M and Ag atoms on the edges in an orthogonal fashion. In one protocol, the precursor to M is titrated into an aqueous suspension of Ag nanocubes in the presence of H2Asc, sodium hydroxide (pH modifier), and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (colloidal stabilizer and surface capping agent) under ambient conditions. In another protocol, the precursor is titrated into a mixture of Ag nanocubes, PVP (colloidal stabilizer and surface capping agent), and ethylene glycol (solvent and reducing agent) at an elevated temperature. In both cases, Ag atoms are carved from the side faces via oxidative etching while M and Ag atoms derived from the chemical reduction are codeposited on the edges for the generation of Ag@M-Ag core-frame concave nanocubes. The second part of this Account showcases the augmented properties of the Ag-based core-frame nanocrystals, in addition to some new functionality. The first example demonstrates how to preserve the shape of Ag nanocubes at an elevated temperature by passivating the vulnerable edges with Ir frames. The second example highlights the use of Ag–Pd core-frame nanocubes as a SERS probe for in situ monitoring the Pd-catalyzed reduction of 4-nitrothiophenol to 4-aminothiophenol by NaBH4 and the subsequent Ag-catalyzed oxidation of 4-ATP to trans-4,4′-dimercaptoazobezene by the oxygen from air. The third example establishes a method for the transformation of Ag@Au–Au core-frame concave nanocubes into trimetallic cage cubes through a site-selective galvanic replacement reaction. Altogether, these studies demonstrate that the shape stability of Ag nanocrystals can be enhanced while introducing new functionality by framing their edges with a different metal.

中文翻译:

用第二种金属构筑银纳米晶体以增强形状稳定性和扩展功能

银纳米晶体具有多种应用的迷人特性,但由于 Ag 原子从边缘和顶点等高能位点溶解而产生的形状不稳定性,它们的性能往往会下降。这个问题可以通过用更稳定的金属 M 构筑粒子以生成 Ag@M 核心框架纳米晶体来解决。除了形状稳定性的改善之外,金属 M 的加入还扩展了 Ag 纳米晶体的功能和能力。本文的第一部分介绍了两种合理合成银基核心框架纳米立方体的策略。在第一种策略中,金属 M 的前体与 Ag +离子在抗坏血酸(H 2Asc,还原剂)和聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)(PVP,胶体稳定剂)在环境条件下。源自两种前体的 M 和 Ag 原子优先沿 Ag 纳米立方体的边缘共沉积,以形成 Ag@M-Ag 核心框架纳米立方体。第二种策略结合了从 Ag 纳米立方体侧面雕刻 Ag 和 M 和 Ag 原子以正交方式同时沉积在边缘上。在一个方案中,在 H 2存在下将 M 的前体滴定到 Ag 纳米立方体的水悬浮液中环境条件下的 Asc、氢氧化钠(pH 调节剂)和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(胶体稳定剂和表面封端剂)。在另一个方案中,前体在高温下滴定成 Ag 纳米立方体、PVP(胶体稳定剂和表面封端剂)和乙二醇(溶剂和还原剂)的混合物。在这两种情况下,Ag 原子通过氧化蚀刻从侧面雕刻而成,而来自化学还原的 M 和 Ag 原子共沉积在边缘上,以生成 Ag@M-Ag 核心框架凹形纳米立方体。该帐户的第二部分展示了基于银的核心框架纳米晶体的增强特性,以及一些新功能。第一个示例演示了如何通过用 Ir 框架钝化易受攻击的边缘来在高温下保持 Ag 纳米立方体的形状。第二个例子强调了使用 Ag-Pd 核心框架纳米立方体作为 SERS 探针,用于原位监测 Pd 催化的 NaBH2 将 4-硝基苯硫酚还原为 4-氨基苯硫酚图4和随后的Ag催化的4-ATP被空气中的氧气氧化为反式-4,4'-二巯基偶氮苯。第三个例子建立了一种通过位点选择性电置换反应将 Ag@Au-Au 核心框架凹形纳米立方体转变为三金属笼立方体的方法。总之,这些研究表明,Ag 纳米晶体的形状稳定性可以得到增强,同时通过用不同的金属框住它们的边缘来引入新的功能。
更新日期:2022-02-03
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