The concrete–representational–abstract (CRA) sequence of instruction is an explicit methodology for teaching mathematics using multiple representations of concepts. Learning concepts through multiple representations fosters conceptual understanding and mathematical thinking. This article describes how a special education teacher used explicit CRA instruction with two elementary students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Its aims are to describe and provide a rationale for explicit CRA instruction. We describe lesson activities, methods, materials, and procedures. Finally, we offer suggestions for effective implementation.

中文翻译：

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使用具体-代表性-抽象教学序列来改善 EBD 小学生的数学成绩

具体 - 代表性 - 抽象（CRA）教学序列是一种使用概念的多种表示来教授数学的明确方法。通过多种表示学习概念可以促进概念理解和数学思维。本文描述了一位特殊教育老师如何对两名患有情绪和行为障碍的小学生使用明确的 CRA 指导。其目的是描述并提供明确的 CRA 指令的基本原理。我们描述课程活动、方法、材料和程序。最后，我们提出了有效实施的建议。