To explore processes by which mothers socialize children’s attitudes about gender stereotypes and sexism, we studied 62 mothers and their 6- to 8-year-old children. Mother-child dyads learned of a hypothetical camp director’s use of gender stereotypes to assign campers to various activities. Resulting conversations revealed variations in the types, frequencies, and patterns of participants’ discussions. Mothers with more flexible gender attitudes and higher feminist endorsements were more likely to explicitly refute gender stereotypes in conversations with their children. Children with more flexible gender attitudes were more likely to have mothers who personalized content during the dyadic conversation. When mothers questioned stereotypes through elaboration and personal connections, children were more likely to refute stereotypes in subsequent intervals within the conversation. State space grids mapped parent-child conversational patterns and showed an association between more varied dyadic conversational patterns and children’s less stereotyped attitudes. Results suggest that mothers who use personally meaningful and varied strategies to communicate with their children about bias have children who have less-entrenched gender stereotypes and are more likely to confront others’ sexism.

为了探索母亲将孩子对性别刻板印象和性别歧视的态度社会化的过程，我们研究了 62 名母亲及其 6 至 8 岁的孩子。母子二人组了解到一个假想的营地主管使用性别刻板印象来分配营员参加各种活动。由此产生的对话揭示了参与者讨论的类型、频率和模式的变化。具有更灵活的性别态度和更高的女权主义支持的母亲更有可能在与孩子的对话中明确驳斥性别刻板印象。性别态度更灵活的孩子更有可能拥有在二元对话中个性化内容的母亲。当母亲们通过精心设计和人际关系质疑刻板印象时，孩子们更有可能在随后的对话中反驳刻板印象。状态空间网格映射了亲子对话模式，并显示出更多不同的二元对话模式与儿童不那么刻板的态度之间的关联。结果表明，使用有意义且多样化的策略与孩子就偏见进行沟通的母亲所生的孩子的性别刻板印象不那么根深蒂固，并且更有可能面对他人的性别歧视。