Psychotherapists can improve their patients' outcomes during and after therapy by improving patients' self-management. Patients who do not effectively manage their mental illness generally have worse outcomes. Leventhal's Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation theorizes that patients' perceptions of their illness (illness representations) guide their self-management, influencing health outcomes. The present study quantified the relations between illness representations, self-management and outcomes for mental illnesses. We conducted a meta-analysis and included articles if they reported (1) on adults with mental illnesses and (2) the correlation between mental illness representations and mental illness outcomes. Twenty-five articles were included which represented 28 independent samples. The pattern of correlations among illness representations (identity, consequences, timeline, control, coherence and emotional representations), self-management strategies (attendance, engagement and adherence to treatment) and mental illness outcomes (symptom severity and quality of life) was consistent with analyses from previous studies of mental and physical illnesses. The results found threat-related illness representations mostly had a large relationship with worse mental illness outcomes and self-management. Protective illness representations had a small-to-large relationship with better mental illness outcomes and self-management. The results suggest patients' perceptions of their mental illness may be a critical indicator of their mental illness outcomes, including symptom severity and quality of life. This theory-driven meta-analysis supports calls for the inclusion of illness representations in psychotherapy for mental illness.

中文翻译：

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常识模型和精神疾病结果：荟萃分析

心理治疗师可以通过改善患者的自我管理来改善患者在治疗期间和治疗后的结果。没有有效管理精神疾病的患者通常会有更糟糕的结果。Leventhal 的自我调节常识模型理论认为，患者对疾病的看法（疾病表现）指导他们的自我管理，影响健康结果。本研究量化了精神疾病的疾病表征、自我管理和结果之间的关系。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，如果他们报告（1）关于患有精神疾病的成年人和（2）精神疾病表现与精神疾病结果之间的相关性，我们将纳入文章。包括 25 篇文章，代表 28 个独立样本。疾病表征（身份、后果、时间线、控制、连贯性和情绪表征）、自我管理策略（就诊、参与和坚持治疗）和精神疾病结果（症状严重程度和生活质量）之间的相关模式与以前对精神和身体疾病的研究分析。结果发现，与威胁相关的疾病表现大多与更糟糕的精神疾病结果和自我管理有很大关系。保护性疾病陈述与更好的精神疾病结果和自我管理具有从小到大的关系。结果表明，患者对其精神疾病的看法可能是其精神疾病结果的关键指标，包括症状严重程度和生活质量。