Abstract

The Pionerskoe gold–quartz deposit is the first primary gold deposit discovered in the southeastern part of the Eastern Sayan. The orebodies of the Pionerskoe deposit are low-sulfidation pyrite–quartz and carbonate-pyrite–quartz veinlets and veins that occur in crush, mylonitization, and shear zones. Pyrite predominates among the ore minerals; chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, tellurides, native gold, and single fahlore grains are less common. In the quartz veins occurring in listvenite bodies, in addition to the listed ones, are Ni and Co minerals: cobaltite, alloclasite, gersdorffite, and pentlandite. Among the tellurides, the following minerals have been identified: altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, melonite, tellurobismuthite, pilsenite, coloradoite, rucklidgeite, volynskite, tsumoite, and tetradymite. Native gold is associated with tellurides; single grains of low-grade native gold are found in association with galena and sphalerite. Native gold disseminations are present in ores as small veinlets and irregularly shaped grains in quartz and pyrite; they often form intergrowths with telluride minerals. The ores contain three mineral assemblages: quartz–pyrite, quartz–polysulfide, and gold–telluride. Studies have shown that during the formation of these assemblages, the sulfur fugacity decreased and the tellurium fugacity increased. Fluid inclusion study and mineral thermometry made it possible to establish the general temperature range of mineral formation from 285 to 225°С, and the formation of the gold–telluride assemblage, from 225 to 227°C. Sulfur isotope compositions in pyrite and equilibrium fluid have values typical of juvenile sulfur. Oxygen isotope composition studies indicate that magmatic fluids were involved in ore formation. The interaction of the primary fluid with the host rocks containing increased concentrations of gold and, possibly, tellurium, led to additional enrichment in these elements and the formation of a small (in terms of reserves) but rich gold deposit with a wide range of telluride minerals.

中文翻译：

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Pionerskoe 金-石英矿床矿石中的金-碲化物矿化（俄罗斯东萨彦）

摘要

Pionerskoe 金-石英矿床是在东萨彦东南部发现的第一个原生金矿床。Pionerskoe 矿床的矿体为低硫化黄铁矿-石英和碳酸盐-黄铁矿-石英细脉和矿脉，分布于破碎带、糜棱化带和剪切带。矿石矿物中以黄铁矿为主；黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲化物、天然金和单一法赫勒晶粒不太常见。在锂辉石体中出现的石英脉中，除了列出的矿物外，还有镍和钴矿物：钴矿、异长石、gersdorffite和镍钴矿。在碲化物中，已鉴定出以下矿物：阿尔泰石、钙镁矿、黑铁矿、方铁矿、黑锰矿、碲铋矿、磷铝石、科罗拉多矿、绿锰矿、硅藻土、菱沸石和菱镁矿。原生金与碲化物有关；在方铅矿和闪锌矿中发现了单粒低品位原生金。原生金散布物以石英和黄铁矿中的小细脉和不规则形状的颗粒形式存在于矿石中；它们经常与碲化物矿物形成共生体。矿石包含三种矿物组合：石英-黄铁矿、石英-多硫化物和金-碲化物。研究表明，在这些组合的形成过程中，硫逸度降低，碲逸度增加。流体包裹体研究和矿物测温使确定矿物形成的一般温度范围为 285 至 225°С 以及金-碲化物组合的形成范围为 225 至 227°C 成为可能。黄铁矿和平衡流体中的硫同位素组成具有典型的幼硫值。氧同位素组成研究表明，岩浆流体参与了矿石的形成。原始流体与含有增加浓度的金和可能的碲的主岩相互作用，导致这些元素的额外富集，并形成了一个小（就储量而言）但富含多种碲化物的金矿床矿物质。