Most chronic illnesses are caused by the biological reaction to an injury, rather than the initial injury or the injurious agent itselves as in neurodegeneration. With respect to this, notable attention is emerging on the therapeutic effects of dietary polyphenols for human health, able to counteract and neutralize oxidative stress and inflammatory processes involved in the etiopathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The acquired concept that cellular stress at low doses induces neuroprotective responses against degenerative processes is a frontier area of the neurobiological research focusing on the development of novel preventive and therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders. Notably, basal levels of prooxidant species are essential to promote adaptive redox cellular responses including vitagenes, tightly correlated to cell survival against age-related diseases. In this paper we discuss the concept of cellular stress response and hormesis and its applications to the field of neuroprotection and the potential therapeutic support provided by olive polyphenols, in particular hydroxytyrosol (HT)-rich aqueous olive pulp extract (Hidrox), as a pivotal activator of Nrf2 pathway and related vitagenes, and inhibitor of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction.Olive polyphenols are considered potential pharmacological modulators of neuroinflammation by upregulation of the Keap1/Nfr2/ARE pathway thus providing a strong rationale for treating neurodegenerative disorders

大多数慢性疾病是由对损伤的生物反应引起的，而不是神经退行性变中的初始损伤或损伤剂本身。在这方面，膳食多酚对人类健康的治疗作用正在引起人们的关注，能够抵消和中和与主要神经退行性疾病（包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）的发病机制有关的氧化应激和炎症过程。低剂量的细胞应激诱导对退行性过程的神经保护反应的后天概念是神经生物学研究的前沿领域，重点是开发针对神经退行性疾病的新型预防和治疗干预措施。尤其，维生素，与细胞存活与年龄相关疾病密切相关。在本文中，我们讨论了细胞应激反应和兴奋的概念及其在神经保护领域的应用，以及橄榄多酚提供的潜在治疗支持，特别是富含羟基酪醇 (HT) 的水性橄榄果肉提取物 (Hidrox)，作为关键Nrf2 通路和相关维生素的激活剂，以及 Keap1-Nrf2 相互作用的抑制剂。橄榄多酚通过上调 Keap1/Nfr2/ARE 通路被认为是神经炎症的潜在药理调节剂，因此为治疗神经退行性疾病提供了强有力的理论依据