The parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is often released to manage lepidopteran pests in cotton crops. However, growers rely on multiple insecticide applications to manage cotton pests. A harmonious integration of control tactics is required for proper pest management, and the use of selective insecticides (i.e., those promoting effective pest control while causing little impact on natural enemies) fits within this scope. This study aimed to assess the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides from varying chemical groups on T. pretiosum. The insecticides were sprayed on parasitized host [Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] eggs with developing T. pretiosum stages (egg-larva, prepupa, and pupa), and biological traits were assessed following adult emergence. Overall, pupae were more susceptible to insecticides. We found thiodicarb and chlorfenapyr to reduce F0 adult emergence in rates comparable to the positive control (methomyl). Adult F0 deformation was the highest on flupyradifurone-treated organisms, and both the F0 parasitism rate and female survival were reduced by the insecticides (except for teflubenzuron). The sex ratio (proportion female) was affected by thiodicarb and flupyradifurone. Transgenerational effects occurred on adult emergence, which was reduced on the offspring (F1) of thiodicarb, chlorfenapyr, and flupyradifurone treated T. pretiosum. In addition, thiodicarb decreased the F1 sex ratio (≤ 0.33) compared to the other compounds (sex ratio ≥ 0.45). These results indicate that teflubenzuron is the safest insecticide; the other insecticides are non-selective to T. pretiosum. Field and semifield studies are required to confirm the harmfulness of chlorfenapyr, flupyradifurone and thiodicarb toward T. pretiosum.

寄生蜂Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) 经常被释放以管理棉花作物中的鳞翅目害虫。然而，种植者依靠多种杀虫剂应用来管理棉花害虫。适当的害虫管理需要控制策略的协调整合，而选择性杀虫剂的使用（即那些促进有效控制害虫同时对天敌几乎没有影响的杀虫剂）也属于这一范围。本研究旨在评估来自不同化学组的杀虫剂对T. pretiosum的致死、亚致死和跨代影响。将杀虫剂喷洒在寄生宿主 [ Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] 发育中的T. pretiosum的卵上阶段（卵-幼虫、预蛹和蛹），并在成虫出现后评估生物学特征。总体而言，蛹对杀虫剂更敏感。我们发现硫双威和氯芬吡可以减少 F0 成虫的出现率，与阳性对照（灭多威）相当。氟吡呋喃处理的生物体的成虫 F0 变形最高，杀虫剂（除虫脲除外）降低了 F0 寄生率和雌性存活率。性别比（女性比例）受到硫双威和氟吡呋喃酮的影响。跨代效应发生在成虫出现时，在硫双威、氯芬吡和氟吡呋喃处理的T. pretiosum的后代 (F1) 上降低. 此外，与其他化合物（性别比 ≥ 0.45）相比，硫双威降低了 F1 性别比（≤ 0.33）。这些结果表明，氟虫脲是最安全的杀虫剂；其他杀虫剂对T. pretiosum没有选择性。需要实地和半田间研究来证实氯芬吡、氟吡呋喃和硫双威对T. pretiosum的危害。