Alaria, Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides are among genera of diplostomid digeneans known to parasitize mammalian definitive hosts. Despite numerous recent molecular phylogenetic studies of diplostomids, limited DNA sequence data is available from diplostomids parasitic in mammals. Herein, we provide the first 28S rDNA and cox1 mtDNA sequences from morphologically identified, adult specimens of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides. Newly generated 28S sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic interrelationships of these two genera among other major lineages of diplostomoideans. The phylogeny based on 28S and a review of morphology clearly suggests that Pharyngostomoides should be considered a junior synonym of Alaria, while Didelphodiplostomum should be considered a junior synonym of Tylodelphys. Pharyngostomoides procyonis (type species), Pharyngostomoides adenocephala and Pharyngostomoides dasyuri were transferred into Alaria as Alaria procyonis comb. nov., Alaria adenocephala comb. nov. and Alaria dasyuri comb. nov.; Didelphodiplostomum variabile (type species) and Didelphodiplostomum nunezae were transferred into Tylodelphys as Tylodelphys variabilis comb. nov. and Tylodelphys nunezae comb. nov. In addition, Alaria ovalis comb. nov. (formerly included in Pharyngostomoides) was restored and transferred into Alaria based on a morphological study of well-fixed, adult specimens and the comparison of cox1 DNA sequences among Alaria spp. The diplostomid genus Parallelorchis was restored based on review of morphology.

中文翻译：

---

分子系统发育支持 Didelphodiplostomum 和 Pharyngostomoides（Digenea：Diplostomidae）的无效性，并揭示了 Tylodelphys 来自哺乳动物

Alaria、Didelphodiplostomum 和 Pharyngostomoides 是已知寄生哺乳动物终宿主的双线口双殖纲属。尽管最近对双线虫进行了大量的分子系统发育研究，但寄生在哺乳动物体内的双线虫的 DNA 序列数据仍然有限。在此，我们提供了第一个 28S rDNA 和 cox1 mtDNA 序列，这些序列来自经过形态学鉴定的 Didelphodiplostomum 和 Pharyngostomoides 的成虫标本。新生成的 28S 序列用于推断这两个属与其他主要双门动物谱系之间的系统发育相互关系。基于 28S 的系统发育和形态学回顾清楚地表明，Pharyngostomoides 应被视为 Alaria 的初级异名，而 Didelphodiplostomum 应被视为 Tylodelphys 的初级异名。Pharyngostomoides procyonis（模式种）、Pharyngostomoides adenocephala 和 Pharyngostomoides dasyuri 被转移到 Alaria 中作为 Alaria procyonis 梳。11 月，Alaria adenocephala 梳子。十一月 和 Alaria dasyuri 梳子。十一月；Didelphodiplostomum variabile（模式种）和Didelphodiplostomum nunezae被转移到Tylodelphys中作为Tylodelphys variabilis梳。十一月 和 Tylodelphys nunezae 梳子。十一月 此外，Alaria ovalis 梳子。十一月 根据对固定良好的成虫标本的形态学研究以及 Alaria spp 中 cox1 DNA 序列的比较，恢复并转移到 Alaria 中。根据形态学的审查，恢复了平行睾丸属的双线虫属。