Peri-implantitis is caused by a bacterial challenge; therefore, anti-infective treatment strategies should be employed to manage the disease. As nonsurgical approaches demonstrate limited efficacy in most cases of peri-implantitis, surgical interventions are often required. Treatment outcomes improve following access flap surgery, with or without adjunctive resective and/or augmentation measures. Whereas nonaugmentative therapies (ie, access flap surgery and resective techniques) primarily aim to resolve inflammation and arrest further disease progression, augmentation approaches also seek to regenerate the bony defect and achieve reosseointegration. Currently, limited evidence supports the superiority of augmentative surgical techniques for peri-implantitis treatment over nonaugmentation methods, and human histologic evidence for reosseointegration is sparse. For patients involved in regular postoperative maintenance programs, success of peri-implantitis surgical treatment based on various definitions of success was obtained in over half of the cases after 5-7 years. Despite surgical treatment, cases of further disease progression that required retreatment or led to implant loss were reported.

中文翻译：

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种植体周围炎的手术治疗

种植体周围炎是由细菌感染引起的；因此，应采用抗感染治疗策略来控制疾病。由于非手术方法在大多数种植体周围炎病例中疗效有限，因此通常需要手术干预。在有或没有辅助切除和/或增强措施的情况下，访问皮瓣手术后的治疗结果会有所改善。非强化疗法（即，通路皮瓣手术和切除技术）主要旨在解决炎症和阻止疾病进一步进展，而强化方法也寻求再生骨缺损并实现骨再整合。目前，有限的证据支持用于种植体周围炎治疗的增强手术技术优于非增强方法，重新整合的人类组织学证据很少。对于参与定期术后维护计划的患者，基于各种成功定义的种植体周围炎手术治疗在 5-7 年后在超过一半的病例中获得成功。尽管进行了手术治疗，但仍报告了需要再治疗或导致植入物丢失的进一步疾病进展的病例。