This study was an attempt to analyze and compare the use of metadiscourse markers that function as audience orientation in academic and political modes of speech. The analysis was based on a corpus of 40 academic lectures and political speeches (20 transcriptions each) following Ädel's (2010) taxonomy of metadiscourse to see to what extent and how these two spoken modes use metadiscourse functions to engage with audiences and involve them in discourse. The findings showed that lectures by far made more frequent use of metadiscourse functions to orient audiences due to their dialogic nature for which lecturers were more likely to pull students into their argumentations and establish linguistic and pragmatic connections with them while delivering information. Furthermore, some variations were depicted between the two modes in the way that metadiscourse functions were performed with some functions being exclusive to academic lectures. These findings suggest that the presence and role of the audience can impact the language choice of an addresser, reflecting the importance of audience awareness in constructing the discourse of oral language in general and dialogic language in particular. This audience awareness can be done either explicitly through audience engagement metadiscourse functions or implicitly through metatext language use.

本研究试图分析和比较在学术和政治演讲模式中充当受众导向的元话语标记的使用。该分析基于 Ädel (2010) 元话语分类法的 40 篇学术讲座和政治演讲（每篇 20 篇转录）的语料库，以了解这两种口语模式在多大程度上以及如何使用元话语功能与听众互动并让他们参与到话语中. 研究结果表明，迄今为止，讲座更频繁地使用元话语功能来引导听众，因为它们具有对话性质，讲师更有可能将学生拉入他们的论证中，并在传递信息的同时与他们建立语言和语用联系。此外，在元话语功能的执行方式上，两种模式之间存在一些差异，其中一些功能是学术讲座独有的。这些研究结果表明，听众的存在和角色可以影响演讲者的语言选择，反映了听众意识在构建一般口语话语和特别是对话语言话语中的重要性。这种受众意识可以通过受众参与元话语功能显式完成，也可以通过元文本语言使用隐式完成。反映了观众意识在构建一般口语话语特别是对话语言话语中的重要性。这种受众意识可以通过受众参与元话语功能显式完成，也可以通过元文本语言使用隐式完成。反映了观众意识在构建一般口语话语特别是对话语言话语中的重要性。这种受众意识可以通过受众参与元话语功能显式完成，也可以通过元文本语言使用隐式完成。