OBJECTIVE Recent work has established that high-confidence identifications (IDs) from a police lineup can provide compelling evidence of guilt. By contrast, when a witness rejects the lineup, it may offer only limited evidence of innocence. Moreover, confidence in a lineup rejection often provides little additional information beyond the rejection itself. Thus, although lineups are useful for incriminating the guilty, they are less useful for clearing the innocent of suspicion. Here, we test predictions from a signal-detection-based model of eyewitness ID to create a lineup that is capable of increasing information about innocence. HYPOTHESES Our model-based simulations suggest that high-confidence rejections should exonerate many more innocent suspects and do so with higher accuracy if, after a witness rejects a lineup but before they report their confidence, they are shown the suspect and asked, "How sure are you that this person is not the perpetrator?" METHOD Participants (N = 3,346) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk watched a 30-s mock-crime video of a perpetrator. Afterward, they were randomly assigned to lineup procedures using a 2 (standard control vs. reveal condition) × 2 (target present vs. target absent) design. A standard simultaneous lineup served as the control condition. The reveal condition was identical to the control condition except in cases of lineup rejection: When a lineup rejection occurred, the suspect appeared on the screen, and participants provided a confidence rating indicating their belief that the suspect was not the perpetrator. RESULTS The reveal procedure increased both the accuracy and frequency of high-confidence rejections relative to the standard simultaneous lineup. CONCLUSIONS Collecting a confidence rating about the suspect after a lineup is rejected may make it possible to quickly clear innocent suspects of suspicion and reduce the amount of contact that innocent people have with the legal system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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揭露程序：一种从警察阵容中加强无罪证据的方法。

目标 最近的工作已经确定，来自警察阵容的高度可信的身份证明 (ID) 可以提供令人信服的有罪证据。相比之下，当证人拒绝排队时，它可能只能提供有限的无罪证据。此外，对阵容拒绝的信心通常不会提供超出拒绝本身的额外信息。因此，虽然阵容对于定罪很有用，但对于清除无辜者的怀疑却没有多大用处。在这里，我们测试了基于信号检测的目击者 ID 模型的预测，以创建一个能够增加关于无辜信息的阵容。假设我们基于模型的模拟表明，如果满足以下条件，高置信度的拒绝应该可以免除更多无辜嫌疑人的罪名，并以更高的准确性这样做：在证人拒绝一个阵容之后，但在他们报告他们的信心之前，他们向嫌疑人展示并询问：“你有多确定这个人不是肇事者？” 方法 从 Amazon Mechanical Turk 招募的参与者 (N = 3,346) 观看了一个 30 秒的犯罪者模拟犯罪视频。之后，他们被随机分配到使用 2（标准控制与显示条件）×2（目标存在与目标不存在）设计的阵容程序中。一个标准的同时阵容作为控制条件。揭示条件与控制条件相同，但拒绝排队的情况除外：当拒绝排队时，嫌疑人出现在屏幕上，参与者提供了一个置信度等级，表明他们相信嫌疑人不是肇事者。结果 相对于标准同步阵容，揭示程序提高了高置信度拒绝的准确性和频率。结论 在一个阵容被拒绝后收集关于嫌疑人的信心等级，可以快速清除无辜嫌疑人的嫌疑，并减少无辜者与法律系统的接触量。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。