Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most widely grown and economically important fruit crops in the world. Skin colour is one of the most important criteria for marketing of apple fruits. Thus, improving fruit colouring is one of the main objectives of apple breeding programs. Even though environmental conditions may affect the colouring of apple, understanding the genetic basis of colouring is important to accelerate the breeding process. In recent years, molecular biology and genetic studies were conducted to explore the molecular basis of colouring in apple. Many genes responsible for the anthocyanin synthesis were identified and their associations with colouring of apple fruit flesh and/or skin were demonstrated. In addition, some DNA markers associated with fruit flesh and skin colour have been developed for screening apple cultivars and hybrids. In this study, 90 apple accessions of international, national, and local decents were selected from the genetic resources collection. Genomic DNA was isolated from leaf tissue of all acession and screened with four different DNA markers associated with fruit flesh and skin colour. Apple accessions in the collection were characterized and their genotypes and genetic potential for fruit colouration were determined by different DNA markers. Additionally, the use of these DNA markers in different apple accessions, well-characterized cultivars and uncharacterized local and national types were investigated.

苹果 ( Malus domestica )Borkh.) 是世界上种植最广泛、经济上最重要的水果作物之一。肤色是苹果果实营销的最重要标准之一。因此，改善果实着色是苹果育种计划的主要目标之一。尽管环境条件可能会影响苹果的着色，但了解着色的遗传基础对于加速育种过程很重要。近年来，通过分子生物学和遗传学研究，探索苹果着色的分子基础。鉴定了许多负责合成花青素的基因，并证明了它们与苹果果肉和/或果皮着色的关联。此外，还开发了一些与果肉和果皮颜色相关的 DNA 标记，用于筛选苹果品种和杂交品种。在这项研究中，从遗传资源集合中选择了 90 个国际、国家和地方体面的苹果种质。从所有继承的叶组织中分离基因组 DNA，并用与果肉和皮肤颜色相关的四种不同 DNA 标记进行筛选。对收集中的苹果种质进行了表征，并通过不同的 DNA 标记确定了它们的基因型和果实着色的遗传潜力。此外，还研究了这些 DNA 标记在不同苹果种质、充分表征的品种以及未表征的地方和国家类型中的使用。从所有继承的叶组织中分离基因组 DNA，并用与果肉和皮肤颜色相关的四种不同 DNA 标记进行筛选。对收集中的苹果种质进行了表征，并通过不同的 DNA 标记确定了它们的基因型和果实着色的遗传潜力。此外，还研究了这些 DNA 标记在不同苹果种质、充分表征的品种以及未表征的地方和国家类型中的使用。从所有继承的叶组织中分离基因组 DNA，并用与果肉和皮肤颜色相关的四种不同 DNA 标记进行筛选。对收集中的苹果种质进行了表征，并通过不同的 DNA 标记确定了它们的基因型和果实着色的遗传潜力。此外，还研究了这些 DNA 标记在不同苹果种质、充分表征的品种以及未表征的地方和国家类型中的使用。