Abstract

A circular economy targets zero waste converting both natural and synthetic wastes to valuable products, thereby promoting sustainable development. The porous nanocarbon synthesized from bio-waste is one such product used in applications such as energy storage, catalysis, and sensors. Different techniques are employed for synthesizing carbon from the biowastes and each route results in different properties toward end-user applications. Among them, surface area and porosity are the two critical factors that influence the energy storage capabilities of these synthesized carbon nanostructures. Besides the high surface area of the bio-derived carbons, the hindrance in supercapacitive performance is owing to its low porosity. Fewer review/research papers report the porosity tuning of these carbons for their influence on enhancing the performance of energy storage devices (supercapacitors). This critical review analyses the importance of porosity in these bio-derived carbons and reviews the recent development in its synthesis techniques along with its improvement in the energy storage capability. Special attention is also delivered to identify the ambient source of biowaste for carbon electrodes (fabrication) in supercapacitors. The recent research progress in tuning the porosity of these bio-derived carbons and the influence of electrolyte with porosity in affecting its supercapacitive energy storage is elucidated here. The research challenges, future research recommendations, and opportunities in the synthesis of bio-derived porous carbon for supercapacitor applications are briefed.

摘要

循环经济的目标是零废物，将天然和合成废物转化为有价值的产品，从而促进可持续发展。由生物废料合成的多孔纳米碳就是一种用于储能、催化和传感器等应用的产品。采用不同的技术从生物废物中合成碳，每条路线对最终用户应用产生不同的特性。其中，表面积和孔隙率是影响这些合成碳纳米结构储能能力的两个关键因素。除了生物衍生碳的高表面积外，超级电容性能的障碍还在于其低孔隙率。较少的评论/研究论文报告了这些碳的孔隙率调整对提高储能设备（超级电容器）性能的影响。这篇批判性综述分析了孔隙率在这些生物衍生碳中的重要性，并回顾了其合成技术的最新发展及其在储能能力方面的改进。还特别注意确定超级电容器中碳电极（制造）的生物废物的环境来源。本文阐明了最近在调节这些生物衍生碳的孔隙率以及电解质与孔隙率对其超级电容储能的影响方面的研究进展。研究挑战，未来研究建议，