A microfluidic device was developed for coherent diffraction imaging using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL-CDI). Liquid samples, which are separately packed in reservoirs of the device, are mixed in a flow channel after an XFEL irradiation as a trigger. An XFEL-CDI experiment was conducted and images of gold nanoparticles in solution were obtained with a resolution of several nanometers from single-shot coherent diffraction patterns. We were able to capture the images of various structures of mixed nanoparticles in the flow channel, clearly demonstrating the function of the microfluidic device. The direct observation of structural changes in liquids will contribute to development of chemistry and biology.

使用 X 射线自由电子激光器 (XFEL-CDI) 开发了一种用于相干衍射成像的微流体装置。在 XFEL 辐照作为触发后，液体样品分别装在设备的容器中，并在流动通道中混合。进行了 XFEL-CDI 实验，从单次相干衍射图案中获得了分辨率为几纳米的溶液中金纳米粒子的图像。我们能够捕捉到流动通道中混合纳米颗粒的各种结构的图像，清楚地展示了微流体装置的功能。对液体结构变化的直接观察将有助于化学和生物学的发展。