Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer, with its incidence rising steeply. Immunosuppression is a well-established risk factor for cSCC, and this risk factor highlights the critical role of the immune system in regulating cSCC development and progression. Further highlighting the nature of cSCC as an immunological disorder, substantial evidence demonstrates a tight association between cSCC risk and age-related immunosenescence. Besides the proven efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for advanced cSCC, novel immunotherapy that targets cSCC precursor lesions has shown efficacy for cSCC prevention. Furthermore, the appreciation of the interplay between keratinocytes, commensal papillomaviruses, and the immune system has revealed the possibility for the development of a preventive cSCC vaccine. cSCC shares fundamental aspects of its origin and pathogenesis with mucosal SCCs. Therefore, advances in the field of cSCC immunoprevention will inform our approach to the management of mucosal SCCs and potentially other epithelial cancers.

中文翻译：

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皮肤鳞状细胞癌：癌症免疫预防的前沿


皮肤鳞状细胞癌（cSCC）是第二常见的癌症，其发病率急剧上升。免疫抑制是 cSCC 的一个公认的危险因素，该危险因素凸显了免疫系统在调节 cSCC 发生和进展中的关键作用。大量证据进一步强调了 cSCC 作为一种免疫性疾病的性质，表明 cSCC 风险与年龄相关的免疫衰老之间存在密切关联。除了已证明免疫检查点阻断疗法对晚期 cSCC 有效之外，针对 cSCC 前驱病变的新型免疫疗法也显示出预防 cSCC 的功效。此外，对角质形成细胞、共生乳头瘤病毒和免疫系统之间相互作用的认识揭示了开发预防性 cSCC 疫苗的可能性。 cSCC 在起源和发病机制的基本方面与粘膜 SCC 相同。因此，cSCC 免疫预防领域的进展将为我们治疗粘膜 SCC 和潜在的其他上皮癌的方法提供信息。