Noninvasive respiratory support is an essential component of critical care. Both noninvasive ventilation, with its different interface types and modes (including helmet and face masks), and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) are successfully used to manage patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Noninvasive respiratory support can alleviate respiratory distress, improve oxygenation, and possibly reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Due to known adverse effects associated with invasive mechanical ventilation (eg, sedation, ventilator-induced lung injury, predisposition for infections), it is conceivable that noninvasive respiratory support may reduce mortality through reduction in the need for tracheal intubation. However, noninvasive ventilation may inappropriately delay tracheal intubation and increase patient self-inflicted lung injury, which may occur at varying degrees depending on the type and interface of noninvasive ventilatory support. The intense respiratory efforts by patients who are spontaneously breathing contribute to and exacerbate acute lung injury.

中文翻译：

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为 COVID-19 患者定义最佳呼吸支持

无创呼吸支持是重症监护的重要组成部分。具有不同接口类型和模式（包括头盔和面罩）的无创通气和高流量鼻氧（HFNO）均成功用于治疗急性低氧性呼吸衰竭患者。无创呼吸支持可以缓解呼吸窘迫，改善氧合，并可能减少对有创机械通气的需求。由于已知与有创机械通气相关的不良反应（例如，镇静、呼吸机引起的肺损伤、感染倾向），可以想象无创呼吸支持可以通过减少气管插管的需要来降低死亡率。然而，无创通气可能会不适当地延迟气管插管并增加患者自身造成的肺损伤，这可能会根据无创通气支持的类型和接口不同程度地发生。自主呼吸患者的强烈呼吸努力会导致并加剧急性肺损伤。