Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) polysaccharide has become a promising feed additive with a variety of physiological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, and cation chelating ability. However, whether Enteromorpha polysaccharide-trace element complex supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in chicken is largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of E. prolifera polysaccharide (EP)-Zn supplementation on growth performance, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism in chicken. A total of 184 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups with 8 replicates, 12 chickens per replicate, and fed either the basal diet (control group) or basal diet plus E. prolifera polysaccharide-Zinc (400 mg EP-Zn/kg diet). Dietary EP-Zn supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the body weight, average daily gain, muscle antioxidant activity, serum HDL level, and reduced serum TG and LDL concentration. In addition, dietary EP-Zn supplementation could modulate ileal amino acid digestibility and upregulate the mRNA expression of amino acid transporter genes in the jejunum, ileum, breast muscle, and liver tissues (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, breast meat from chickens fed EP-Zn had higher (P < 0.05) Pro and Asp content, and lower (P < 0.05) Val, Phe, Gly, and Cys free amino acid content. Furthermore, EP-Zn supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of mTOR and anti-oxidant related genes, while down-regulated protein degradation related genes in the breast muscle. Breast meat from EP-Zn supplemented group had significantly lower (P < 0.05) proportions of Σn-3 PUFA, and a higher percentage of Σn-6 PUFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Besides, EP-Zn supplementation regulated lipid metabolism by inhibiting the gene expression of key enzymes involved in the fatty acid synthesis and activating genes that participated in fatty acid oxidation in the liver tissue. It is concluded that EP-Zn complex supplementation regulates apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, enhances amino acid metabolism, and decreases oxidative stress-associated protein breakdown, thereby improving the growth performance. Furthermore, it promotes fatty acid oxidation and restrains fat synthesis through modulating lipid metabolism-related gene expression.

中文翻译：

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日粮添加浒苔多糖锌通过提高鸡的抗氧化活性调节氨基酸和脂肪酸代谢

浒苔（E. prolifera）多糖已成为一种很有前景的饲料添加剂，具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗糖尿病、免疫调节、降血脂、阳离子螯合等多种生理活性。然而，补充浒苔多糖-微量元素复合物是否能调节鸡的氨基酸和脂肪酸代谢尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查补充 E. prolifera 多糖 (EP)-Zn 对鸡生长性能、氨基酸和脂肪酸代谢的影响。将 184 只 1 日龄 Ross-308 肉鸡随机分为 8 个重复的两个处理组，每个重复 12 只鸡，分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组）或基础日粮加 E. prolifera 多糖-锌（400 mg EP-Zn/kg 饮食）。膳食补充 EP-Zn 显着增加（P < 0.05）体重、平均日增重、肌肉抗氧化活性、血清 HDL 水平，并降低血清 TG 和 LDL 浓度。此外，日粮中添加EP-Zn可调节回肠氨基酸消化率，上调空肠、回肠、胸肌和肝组织中氨基酸转运蛋白基因的mRNA表达（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，饲喂EP-Zn的鸡胸肉Pro和Asp含量较高（P < 0.05），Val、Phe、Gly和Cys游离氨基酸含量较低（P < 0.05）。此外，EP-Zn 补充上调（P < 0.05）mTOR 和抗氧化相关基因的 mRNA 表达，同时下调了胸肌中蛋白质降解相关基因的表达。EP-Zn补充组的胸肉Σn-3 PUFA比例显着降低（P < 0.05），Σn-6 PUFA比例和n-6/n-3 PUFA比例更高。此外，EP-Zn补充剂通过抑制参与脂肪酸合成的关键酶的基因表达和激活参与肝组织中脂肪酸氧化的基因来调节脂质代谢。得出的结论是，EP-Zn 复合物补充剂可调节表观回肠氨基酸消化率，增强氨基酸代谢，减少氧化应激相关的蛋白质分解，从而改善生长性能。此外，它通过调节脂质代谢相关基因的表达，促进脂肪酸氧化，抑制脂肪合成。以及较高的Σn-6 PUFA百分比和n-6/n-3 PUFA的比率。此外，EP-Zn补充剂通过抑制参与脂肪酸合成的关键酶的基因表达和激活参与肝组织中脂肪酸氧化的基因来调节脂质代谢。得出的结论是，EP-Zn 复合物补充剂可调节表观回肠氨基酸消化率，增强氨基酸代谢，减少氧化应激相关的蛋白质分解，从而改善生长性能。此外，它通过调节脂质代谢相关基因的表达，促进脂肪酸氧化，抑制脂肪合成。以及较高的Σn-6 PUFA百分比和n-6/n-3 PUFA的比率。此外，EP-Zn补充剂通过抑制参与脂肪酸合成的关键酶的基因表达和激活参与肝组织中脂肪酸氧化的基因来调节脂质代谢。得出的结论是，EP-Zn 复合物补充剂可调节表观回肠氨基酸消化率，增强氨基酸代谢，减少氧化应激相关的蛋白质分解，从而改善生长性能。此外，它通过调节脂质代谢相关基因的表达，促进脂肪酸氧化，抑制脂肪合成。EP-Zn补充剂通过抑制参与脂肪酸合成的关键酶的基因表达和激活参与肝组织中脂肪酸氧化的基因来调节脂质代谢。得出的结论是，EP-Zn 复合物补充剂可调节表观回肠氨基酸消化率，增强氨基酸代谢，减少氧化应激相关的蛋白质分解，从而改善生长性能。此外，它通过调节脂质代谢相关基因的表达，促进脂肪酸氧化，抑制脂肪合成。EP-Zn补充剂通过抑制参与脂肪酸合成的关键酶的基因表达和激活参与肝组织中脂肪酸氧化的基因来调节脂质代谢。得出的结论是，EP-Zn 复合物补充剂可调节表观回肠氨基酸消化率，增强氨基酸代谢，减少氧化应激相关的蛋白质分解，从而改善生长性能。此外，它通过调节脂质代谢相关基因的表达，促进脂肪酸氧化，抑制脂肪合成。并减少氧化应激相关的蛋白质分解，从而提高生长性能。此外，它通过调节脂质代谢相关基因的表达，促进脂肪酸氧化，抑制脂肪合成。并减少氧化应激相关的蛋白质分解，从而提高生长性能。此外，它通过调节脂质代谢相关基因的表达，促进脂肪酸氧化，抑制脂肪合成。