Rice is a staple food crop worldwide, and its production is severely threatened by phloem-feeding insect herbivores, particularly the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), and destructive pathogens. Despite the identification of many BPH resistance genes, the molecular basis of rice resistance to BPH remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the plant elicitor peptide (Pep) signalling confers rice resistance to BPH. Both rice PEP RECEPTORs (PEPRs) and PRECURSORs of PEP (PROPEPs), particularly OsPROPEP3, were transcriptionally induced in leaf sheaths upon BPH infestation. Knockout of OsPEPRs impaired rice resistance to BPH, whereas exogenous application of OsPep3 improved the resistance. Hormone measurement and co-profiling of transcriptomics and metabolomics in OsPep3-treated rice leaf sheaths suggested potential contributions of jasmonic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism to OsPep3-induced rice immunity. Moreover, OsPep3 elicitation also strengthened rice resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial pathogen Xanthamonas oryzae pv. oryzae and provoked immune responses in wheat. Collectively, this work demonstrates a previously unappreciated importance of the Pep signalling in plants for combating piercing-sucking insect herbivores and promises exogenous application of OsPep3 as an eco-friendly immune stimulator in agriculture for crop protection against a broad spectrum of insect pests and pathogens.

中文翻译：

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植物诱导子肽信号传导赋予水稻对刺吸式昆虫食草动物和病原体的抗性


水稻是世界范围内的主要粮食作物，其生产受到以韧皮部为食的食草昆虫，特别是褐飞虱（BPH， Nilaparvata lugens ）和破坏性病原体的严重威胁。尽管鉴定了许多 BPH 抗性基因，但水稻抗 BPH 的分子基础仍不清楚。在此，我们报道植物激发肽 (Pep) 信号传导赋予水稻对 BPH 的抗性。水稻PEP 受体( PEPR ) 和PEP 前体( PROPEP )，特别是OsPROPEP3 ，在 BPH 侵染时在叶鞘中被转录诱导。 OsPEPR s 的敲除削弱了水稻对 BPH 的抗性，而外源应用 OsPep3 则提高了抗性。 OsPep3 处理的水稻叶鞘中的激素测量以及转录组学和代谢组学的联合分析表明茉莉酸生物合成、脂质代谢和苯丙素代谢对 OsPep3 诱导的水稻免疫的潜在贡献。此外，OsPep3 诱导还增强了水稻对真菌病原体Magnaporthe oryzae和细菌病原体Xanthamonas oryzae pv. 的抵抗力。米曲霉并引发小麦的免疫反应。总的来说，这项工作证明了植物中 Pep 信号传导在对抗刺吸式食草昆虫方面的重要性，这一点以前未被认识到，并有望将 OsPep3 作为一种生态友好型免疫刺激剂在农业中外源应用，以保护作物免受多种害虫和病原体的侵害。