Low intestinal microbial diversity is associated with poor outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Using 16S rRNA sequencing of 2067 stool samples and flow cytometry data from 2370 peripheral blood samples drawn from 894 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT, we have linked features of the early post-HCT microbiome with subsequent immune cell recovery. We examined lymphocyte recovery and microbiota features in recipients of both unmodified and CD34-selected allografts. We observed that fecal microbial diversity was an independent predictor of CD4 T-cell count 3 months after HCT in recipients of a CD34-selected allograft, who are dependent on de novo lymphopoiesis for their immune recovery. In multivariate models using clinical factors and microbiota features, we consistently observed that increased fecal relative abundance of genus Staphylococcus during the early posttransplant period was associated with worse CD4 T-cell recovery. Our observations suggest that the intestinal bacteria, or the factors they produce, can affect early lymphopoiesis and the homeostasis of allograft-derived T cells after transplantation.

中文翻译：

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早期肠道微生物特征与同种异体造血移植后 CD4 T 细胞恢复相关。

肠道微生物多样性低与同种异体造血细胞移植（HCT）后的不良结果相关。利用 2067 份粪便样本的 16S rRNA 测序和来自 894 名接受同种异体 HCT 的患者的 2370 份外周血样本的流式细胞术数据，我们将 HCT 后早期微生物组的特征与随后的免疫细胞恢复联系起来。我们检查了未修饰和 CD34 选择的同种异体移植物受者的淋巴细胞恢复和微生物群特征。我们观察到，在 CD34 选择的同种异体移植受者中，粪便微生物多样性是 HCT 后 3 个月 CD4 T 细胞计数的独立预测因子，这些受者的免疫恢复依赖于从头淋巴细胞生成。在使用临床因素和微生物群特征的多变量模型中，我们一致观察到移植后早期粪便中葡萄球菌属相对丰度的增加与 CD4 T 细胞恢复较差相关。我们的观察表明，肠道细菌或其产生的因子可以影响移植后同种异体移植物来源的 T 细胞的早期淋巴细胞生成和稳态。