Oxygen therapy remains a crucial intervention in critical care. One of the core aspects in oxygen therapy concerns the optimal oxygenation level, which is commonly measured in the form of partial pressure of arterial oxygen (P_aO2). Multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed to investigate different oxygenation goals in critical care [1, 2]. However, one important challenge, as demonstrated by a recent network meta-analysis [2], is that most RCTs only compared two oxygenation levels that differed across studies, making it difficult to determine an optimal oxygenation goal [2]. While several meta-analyses have been performed, most have dichotomised oxygenation goals into liberal (i.e. targeting a higher oxygenation level) versus conservative (i.e. targeting a lower oxygenation level): a relatively qualitative oversimplification of the problem [3, 4]. Therefore, further investigations are needed to determine a more quantitative optimal oxygenation goal.

氧疗仍然是重症监护中的关键干预措施。氧疗的核心方面之一是最佳氧合水平，通常以动脉氧分压 ( P _{aO 2} ) 的形式测量。已经进行了多项随机对照试验 (RCT)，以研究重症监护中的不同氧合目标 [1, 2]。然而，正如最近的一项网络荟萃分析 [2] 所证明的，一个重要的挑战是大多数 RCT 只比较了两个不同研究中的氧合水平，因此难以确定最佳氧合目标 [2]。虽然已经进行了几项荟萃分析，但大多数都将氧合目标分为自由（即针对更高的氧合水平）相对于保守（即针对较低的氧合水平）：对问题的相对定性过度简化 [3, 4]。因此，需要进一步研究以确定更定量的最佳氧合目标。