Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) is believed to be a promising remedy to simultaneously lessen CO₂ emission and obtain high value-added products, but suffers from the thwarted activity of photocatalyst and poor selectivity of product. Over the past decade, aided by the significant advances in nanotechnology, the atom manufacturing of photocatalyst, including vacancies, dopants, single-atom catalysts, strains, have emerged as efficient approaches to precisely mediate the reaction intermediates and processes, which push forward in the rapid development of highly efficient and selective photocatalytic CO₂RR. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in highly efficient and/or selective photocatalysts toward CO₂RR with the special focus on various atom manufacturing. The mechanisms of these atom manufacturing from active sites creation, light absorbability, and electronic structure modulation are comprehensively and scientifically discussed. In addition, we attempt to establish the structure–activity relationship between active sites and photocatalytic CO₂RR capability by integrating theoretical simulations and experimental results, which will be helpful for insights into mechanism pathways of CO₂RR over defective photocatalysts. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects in this field to improve the photocatalytic CO₂RR performances are proposed, which can shed some light on designing more potential photocatalysts through atomic regulations toward CO₂ conversion.

中文翻译：

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原子制造光催化剂以减少太阳能二氧化碳

光催化CO ₂还原反应(CO ₂ RR) 被认为是同时减少CO ₂排放并获得高附加值产品的有前途的补救措施，但存在光催化剂活性受阻和产品选择性差的问题。在过去的十年中，借助于纳米技术的重大进步，光催化剂的原子制造，包括空位、掺杂剂、单原子催化剂、应变，已成为精确调节反应中间体和过程的有效方法，推动了光催化剂的发展。高效和选择性光催化CO ₂ RR的快速发展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了针对 CO 的高效和/或选择性光催化剂的最新进展₂ RR 特别关注各种原子制造。从活性位点的产生、光吸收性和电子结构调制等方面对这些原子制造的机制进行了全面和科学的讨论。此外，我们试图通过整合理论模拟和实验结果来建立活性位点与光催化CO ₂ RR能力之间的结构-活性关系，这将有助于深入了解CO ₂ RR对有缺陷的光催化剂的机理途径。最后，该领域改进光催化CO _{2的剩余挑战和前景提出了 RR 性能，这可以为通过 CO 2}转化的原子规则设计更多潜在的光催化剂提供一些启示。