The remaining populations of perennial cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. marie-galante Hutch.) that occur in northeastern Brazil are part of the primary gene pool for the creation of modern upland cotton cultivars. Therefore, we present fiber technological properties, genetic diversity and population structure analysis of four populations of G. hirsutum L. r. marie-galante from Paraíba state in Brazil, using the High-Volume Instrument (HVI) analytical system and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) polymorphic loci, respectively. The fiber technological properties differed between populations. The average length, resistance, micronaire index, maturity index and count-strength-product of the populations are consistent with the fiber quality traits present in commercial upland cotton cultivars. The populations showed low levels of total (H_T = 0.1305) and intrapopulation (H_S = 0.0806) genetic diversity, besides high genetic differentiation (G_ST = 0.3824) and low indirect gene flow (N_m = 0.875) and are structured in two gene clusters by Bayesian inference. The positive relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance using the Mantel test (r = 0.8364; p value = 0.0038) suggests that genetic divergence among populations can be explained by spatial isolation. This information can support genetic conservation and the valuation of these populations for cotton breeding programs.

巴西东北部剩余的多年生棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L. r. marie-galante Hutch.）种群是现代陆地棉品种培育的主要基因库的一部分。因此，我们对陆地棉四个种群的纤维技术特性、遗传多样性和种群结构进行了分析。L.r. 来自巴西帕拉伊巴州的 marie-galante，分别使用高容量仪器 (HVI) 分析系统和 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) 多态位点。不同人群的纤维技术特性不同。种群的平均长度、抗性、马克隆值指数、成熟度指数和计数强度乘积与商品陆地棉品种中存在的纤维品质性状一致。除了高遗传分化（_{G ST} = _0.3824）和 低 间接基因流_（N m= 0.875），并通过贝叶斯推理分为两个基因簇。使用 Mantel 检验 ( r  = 0.8364; p值 = 0.0038)遗传距离和地理距离之间的正相关关系表明，种群之间的遗传差异可以通过空间隔离来解释。这些信息可以支持遗传保护和这些种群的棉花育种计划估值。