Lipids participate in diverse biological functions including signal transduction, cellular membrane biogenesis and carbon storage. Following de novo biosynthesis in the plastids, fatty acids (FAs) are transported as acyl-CoA esters to the endoplasmic reticulum where glycerol-3-phosphate undergoes a series of acyl-CoA-dependent acylation via the Kennedy pathway to form triacylglycerols for subsequent assembly into oils. Alternatively, newly synthesized FAs are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC) by a PC:acyl-CoA exchange process defined as “acyl editing”. Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) at various subcellular locations can function in lipid transfer by binding and transporting acyl-CoA esters and maintaining intracellular acyl-CoA pools. Widely distributed in the plant kingdom, ACBPs are found in all eukaryotes and some eubacteria. In both rice and Arabidopsis, six forms of ACBPs co-exist and are classified into four groups based on their functional domains. Their conserved four-helix structure facilitates interaction with acyl-CoA esters. ACBPs also interact with phospholipids as well as protein partners and function in seed oil regulation, development, pathogen defense and stress responses. Besides the ACBPs, other proteins such as the lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), annexins and lipid droplet-associated proteins are also important lipid-binding proteins. While annexins bind Ca²⁺ and phospholipids, LTPs transport lipid molecules including FAs, acyl-CoA esters and phospholipids.

脂质参与多种生物学功能，包括信号转导、细胞膜生物发生和碳储存。在质体中从头生物合成后，脂肪酸 (FAs) 作为酰基辅酶A 酯被转运到内质网，在那里 3-磷酸甘油通过一系列酰基辅酶A 依赖性酰化肯尼迪途径形成三酰基甘油，随后组装成油。或者，新合成的 FA 通过定义为“酰基编辑”的 PC：酰基辅酶A 交换过程掺入磷脂酰胆碱 (PC)。不同亚细胞位置的酰基辅酶A结合蛋白（ACBPs）可以通过结合和转运酰基辅酶A酯并维持细胞内的酰基辅酶A库在脂质转移中发挥作用。ACBPs广泛分布于植物界，存在于所有真核生物和一些真细菌中。在水稻和拟南芥中，六种形式的 ACBPs 共存，并根据其功能域分为四组。它们保守的四螺旋结构有利于与酰基辅酶A 酯的相互作用。ACBPs 还与磷脂以及蛋白质伙伴相互作用，并在种子油调节、发育、病原体防御和应激反应。除了 ACBPs，其他蛋白质如脂质转移蛋白 (LTPs)、膜联蛋白和脂滴相关蛋白也是重要的脂质结合蛋白。虽然膜联蛋白结合 Ca²⁺和磷脂、LTP 转运脂质分子，包括 FA、酰基辅酶 A 酯和磷脂。