Abstract

In the current research, non-word repetition (NWR) skills of Persian learning toddlers and its association with phonological accuracy and language measures, such as percentage consonant correct (PCC), mean length utterance (MLU), and expressive vocabulary was evaluated. First, the Persian task of NWR, comprising 15 non-words, was developed and validated. Forty-four typically developing Persian learning toddlers aged from 24 to 30 months were recruited in this project. Word and NWR responses were elicited during play. MLU was investigated using serial picture description. Furthermore, the Persian version of MacArthur-Bates communicative development inventories was completed by participants’ parents. The association between NWR, word repetition, MLU, and vocabulary indices was measured. Excellent values were obtained for test–retest reliability, PCC of NWR (ICC = .94, 95% CI, .78–.94, p < .001) and PCC of word repetition (ICC = .96, 95%CI, .83–.96, p < .001). The values of PCC for NWR and PCC of word repetition were 80.32 ± 13.44 and 83.51 ± 9.91, respectively. The Wilcoxon ranked test showed that participants had better performance in word repetition than NWR (z = −.275, p = .02). Significant associations were found between NWR, word repetition, MLU, number of different words, number of total words, and the expressive vocabulary size. Sex, socioeconomic status, and age did not affect NWR in this study. The findings of the current research demonstrated that the Persian task of NWR is a valid and reliable test to measure the NWR and the scores of participants were substantially associated with phonological accuracy, MLU, and vocabulary measures.

摘要

在当前的研究中，评估了波斯语学习幼儿的非单词重复 (NWR) 技能及其与语音准确性和语言测量的关联，例如辅音正确百分比 (PCC)、平均发音长度 (MLU) 和表达词汇。首先，开发并验证了包含 15 个非单词的 NWR 波斯语任务。该项目招募了 44 名年龄在 24 至 30 个月之间的典型波斯语学习幼儿。Word 和 NWR 反应在游戏过程中被引出。使用序列图片描述对 MLU 进行了研究。此外，波斯语版本的 MacArthur-Bates 交际发展清单由参与者的父母完成。测量了 NWR​​、单词重复、MLU 和词汇指数之间的关联。重测信度获得了极好的值，p < .001) 和单词重复的 PCC (ICC = .96, 95%CI, .83–.96, p < .001)。NWR 的 PCC 值和单词重复的 PCC 值分别为 80.32 ± 13.44 和 83.51 ± 9.91。Wilcoxon 排序测试表明参与者在单词重复方面的表现优于 NWR ( z = −.275, p=.02）。NWR、单词重复、MLU、不同单词的数量、单词总数和表达词汇量之间存在显着关联。在这项研究中，性别、社会经济地位和年龄不影响 NWR。当前研究的结果表明，NWR 的波斯语任务是衡量 NWR 的有效且可靠的测试，并且参与者的分数与语音准确性、MLU 和词汇测量有显着关联。