Highly active small Pd nanocatalysts obtained by visible-light-induced photoreduction with citrate and oxalate salts under batch and flow approaches,Reaction Chemistry & Engineering

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Highly active small Pd nanocatalysts obtained by visible-light-induced photoreduction with citrate and oxalate salts under batch and flow approaches
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-05 , DOI: 10.1039/d1re00524c
E. Daniela Díaz-Vázquez _{1,

2} , Silvia M. Soria-Castro _{1,

2} , Irina Della-Cagnoletta _{1,

2} , Sandra E. Martín _{1,

2} , Gabriela Oksdath-Mansilla _{1,

2} , Paula M. Uberman _{1,

2}

Affiliation

A fast, economical and straightforward photochemical method was developed to produce small Pd-PVP NPs in aqueous media at room temperature. The photochemical approach involved the use of a combination of citrate and oxalate salts as photoinitiators (PIs) under visible light. In addition, the protocol was successfully performed in a photo-flow reactor and after only 150 s, it was possible to obtain Pd-PVP NPs with a small size and narrow size distribution. We also investigated the effects of the ratio of citrate : oxalate as the PIs on the size distribution and stability of the nanoparticles. The results indicated that the optimum conditions to achieve efficient production of Pd-PVP NPs with short-time irradiation comprise a citrate : oxalate combination in ratios between 4 : 6 and 9 : 1 to yield optimum Pd nanocatalysts in terms of stability, narrow size distribution and high catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of the photochemically prepared Pd-PVP NPs was evaluated in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction and reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. Depending on the reaction under study, the ratio of PIs was found to have a remarkable effect on the catalysis, which can be associated to the optimal balance between the stabilization and surface activation of nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

用柠檬酸盐和草酸盐在分批和流动方法下通过可见光诱导光还原获得高活性小 Pd 纳米催化剂

开发了一种快速、经济且直接的光化学方法，可在室温下在水性介质中生产小型 Pd-PVP NP。光化学方法涉及在可见光下使用柠檬酸盐和草酸盐的组合作为光引发剂 (PI)。此外，该协议在光流反应器中成功执行，仅在 150 s 后，就有可能获得尺寸小且尺寸分布窄的 Pd-PVP NPs。我们还研究了柠檬酸盐：草酸盐的比例作为 PI 对纳米粒子的尺寸分布和稳定性的影响。结果表明，在短时间辐照下实现高效生产 Pd-PVP NPs 的最佳条件包括柠檬酸盐：草酸盐的比例在 4:6 和 9:1 之间，以在稳定性方面产生最佳的 Pd 纳米催化剂，粒径分布窄，催化活性高。在 Suzuki-Miyaura 偶联反应和硝基芳族化合物的还原中评估了光化学制备的 Pd-PVP NPs 的催化活性。根据所研究的反应，发现 PI 的比例对催化有显着影响，这可能与纳米粒子的稳定化和表面活化之间的最佳平衡有关。

更新日期：2022-01-05

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