To achieve high-performance supercapacitors, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous chitosan hydrogel-derived carbons (CHC-SK) are successfully prepared by one-step carbonization. In the synthesis, two effective strategies of structure design and heteroatom doping are both used to increase capacitance of carbon materials. To control and design of structure, potassium citrate as a novel pore-former is introduced into chitosan hydrogel systems. It plays three roles in pore formation and thereby can be effective to optimize structure and improve surface area of CHC-SK. In addition, thiourea as binary doping of nitrogen and sulfur can effectively maximize the pseudocapacitance of CHC-SK. Therefore, CHC-SK with large surface area (1596.4 m² g⁻¹) and high heteroatom content (5.43% for nitrogen, 2.62% for sulfur) show excellent electrochemical performances. The specific capacitance of CHC-SK reaches up to 366.8 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹. Even at the high current density of 10A g⁻¹, its capacitance retention is 97.1% for 10,000 cycles. This simple strategy for the synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous chitosan hydrogel-derived carbons with high specific capacitance has promising applications in the future.

为了实现高性能超级电容器，通过一步碳化成功制备了氮和硫共掺杂的多孔壳聚糖水凝胶衍生碳（CHC-SK）。在合成中，结构设计和杂原子掺杂两种有效策略均用于增加碳材料的电容。为了控制和设计结构，将柠檬酸钾作为一种新型致孔剂引入壳聚糖水凝胶体系。它在孔的形成中起三个作用，从而可以有效地优化结构和提高 CHC-SK 的表面积。此外，硫脲作为氮和硫的二元掺杂可以有效地最大化CHC-SK的赝电容。因此，具有大表面积（1596.4 m ² g ^-1) 和高杂原子含量（氮为 5.43%，硫为 2.62%）显示出优异的电化学性能。CHC-SK的比电容在0.5 A g ^-1时达到366.8 F g ^-1。即使在 10A g ^-1的高电流密度下，其电容保持率为 97.1%，循环 10,000 次。这种用于合成具有高比电容的氮硫共掺杂多孔壳聚糖水凝胶衍生碳的简单策略在未来具有广阔的应用前景。