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The reference genome of Camellia chekiangoleosa provides insights into Camellia evolution and tea oil biosynthesis
Horticulture Research ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-25 , DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab083 Teng-Fei Shen 1 , Bin Huang 2 , Meng Xu 1 , Peng-Yan Zhou 1 , Zhou-Xian Ni 1 , Chun Gong 2 , Qiang Wen 2 , Fu-Liang Cao 1 , Li-An Xu 1
更新日期：2022-01-25
Horticulture Research ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-25 , DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab083 Teng-Fei Shen 1 , Bin Huang 2 , Meng Xu 1 , Peng-Yan Zhou 1 , Zhou-Xian Ni 1 , Chun Gong 2 , Qiang Wen 2 , Fu-Liang Cao 1 , Li-An Xu 1
Affiliation
Abstract
Camellia oil extracted from Camellia seeds is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and secondary metabolites beneficial to human health. However, no oil-tea tree genome has yet been published, which is a major obstacle to investigating the heredity improvement of oil-tea trees. Here, using both Illumina and PicBio sequencing technologies, we present the first chromosome-level genome sequence of the oil-tea tree species Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. (CCH). The assembled genome consists of 15 pseudochromosomes with a genome size of 2.73 Gb and a scaffold N50 of 185.30 Mb. At least 2.16 Gb of the genome assembly consists of repetitive sequences, and the rest involves a high-confidence set of 64 608 protein-coding gene models. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the CCH genome underwent a whole-genome duplication event shared across the Camellia genus at ~57.48 MYA and a γ-WGT event shared across all core eudicot plants at ~120 MYA. Gene family clustering revealed that the genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis have undergone rapid expansion. Furthermore, we determined the expression patterns of oleic acid accumulation- and terpenoid biosynthesis-associated genes in six tissues. We found that these genes tend to be highly expressed in leaves, pericarp tissues, roots, and seeds. The first chromosome-level genome of oil-tea trees will provide valuable resources for determining Camellia evolution and utilizing the germplasm of this taxon.
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