Natural, semi-natural, and extensively managed oak woodlands and forests are prevalent across the world. These lands fulfil a range of ecosystem services, goods, and functions. Increasing natural and anthropogenic pressures impose threats to these lands. This paper first describes the Quercus genus and discusses management and mismanagement practices of oak systems. Then, the provisioning ecosystem services related with oak systems are reviewed, including: (1) oak’s agroforestry and silvopasture systems for the production of food, pasture, and additional products; (2) browsing of oak leaves and acorns by livestock; (3) harvesting of oak wood for timber; (4) cork oak stripping, and the uses of cork; (5) acorn-based foods and beverages; and (6) others uses, such as the production of medicines and extraction of tannins for the leather industry. We discuss the multi-purpose and multi-functional nature of oak systems, and demonstrate how they diversify sources of income for local communities, resulting in improved economic and food security. Further, we show the important role of woodlands certification, aimed at protecting oak systems while ensuring environmental equity. Also, we demonstrate how providing of financial support for reforestation and afforestation schemes of degraded oak woodlands, could restore ecosystem functioning and reverse land degradation. Then, we stress the need to involve traditional knowledge in restoration schemes of degraded oak systems. Lastly, we demonstrate how policymaking and legislation regarding the oak’s commercial plantations and farming systems could alleviate stresses imposed on the world’s oak woodlands and forests by producing alternative sources of wood for the timber industry.

天然、半天然和广泛管理的橡木林地和森林在世界各地普遍存在。这些土地实现了一系列生态系统服务、商品和功能。日益增加的自然和人为压力对这些土地构成威胁。本文首先介绍了Quercus属并讨论橡木系统的管理和管理不善的做法。然后，回顾了与橡树系统相关的供应生态系统服务，包括：（1）橡树用于生产食物、牧场和其他产品的农林业和林草系统；(2) 牲畜啃食橡树叶和橡子；(3) 采伐橡木作木材；(4) 软木橡木剥皮，以及软木的用途；(5) 以橡子为基础的食品和饮料；（六）其他用途，如制药、皮革工业提取单宁等。我们讨论了橡木系统的多用途和多功能性，并展示了它们如何使当地社区的收入来源多样化，从而改善经济和粮食安全。此外，我们展示了林地认证的重要作用，旨在保护橡木系统，同时确保环境公平。此外，我们还展示了如何为退化的橡树林地的重新造林和造林计划提供财政支持，可以恢复生态系统功能并扭转土地退化。然后，我们强调需要将传统知识纳入退化橡木系统的恢复计划。最后，我们展示了有关橡木商业种植园和农业系统的政策制定和立法如何通过为木材工业生产替代木材来源来减轻对世界橡树林地和森林施加的压力。我们强调需要将传统知识纳入退化橡木系统的恢复计划。最后，我们展示了有关橡木商业种植园和农业系统的政策制定和立法如何通过为木材工业生产替代木材来源来减轻对世界橡树林地和森林施加的压力。我们强调需要将传统知识纳入退化橡木系统的恢复计划。最后，我们展示了有关橡木商业种植园和农业系统的政策制定和立法如何通过为木材工业生产替代木材来源来减轻对世界橡树林地和森林施加的压力。