To increase antibody secretion and dose sparing, squalene-in-water aluminium hydrogel (alum)-stabilised emulsions (ASEs) have been developed, which offer increased surface areas and cellular interactions for higher antigen loading and enhanced immune responses. Nevertheless, the squalene (oil) in previous attempts suffered from limited oxidation resistance, thus, safety and stability were compromised. From a clinical translational perspective, it is imperative to screen the optimal oils for enhanced emulsion adjuvants. Here, because of the varying oleic to linoleic acid ratio, soybean oil, peanut oil, and olive oil were utilised as oil phases in the preparation of aluminium hydrogel-stabilised squalene-in-water emulsions, which were then screened for their stability and immunogenicity. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of oil phases and emulsion stability were unravelled, which showed that a higher oleic to linoleic acid ratio increased anti-oxidative capabilities but reduced the long-term storage stability owing to the relatively low zeta potential of the prepared droplets. As a result, compared with squalene-in-water ASEs, soybean-in-water ASEs exhibited comparable immune responses and enhanced stability. By optimising the oil phase of the emulsion adjuvants, this work may offer an alternative strategy for safe, stable, and effective emulsion adjuvants.

为了增加抗体分泌和减少剂量，已开发出水包角鲨烯铝水凝胶（明矾）稳定乳剂（ASE），它提供了更大的表面积和细胞相互作用，以实现更高的抗原负载和增强的免疫反应。然而，先前尝试中的角鲨烯（油）的抗氧化性有限，因此，安全性和稳定性受到损害。从临床转化的角度来看，必须筛选出用于增强乳液佐剂的最佳油。在这里，由于油酸与亚油酸的比例不同，大豆油、花生油和橄榄油被用作制备铝水凝胶稳定的水包角鲨烯乳液的油相，然后对其稳定性和免疫原性进行筛选. 此外，油相和乳液稳定性的潜在机制被揭示，这表明较高的油酸与亚油酸的比例增加了抗氧化能力，但由于制备的液滴的 zeta 电位相对较低，降低了长期储存稳定性。因此，与水中的角鲨烯 ASE 相比，大豆水中的 ASE 表现出相当的免疫反应和增强的稳定性。通过优化乳液助剂的油相，这项工作可能为安全、稳定和有效的乳液助剂提供替代策略。与水中的角鲨烯 ASEs 相比，大豆水中的 ASEs 表现出相当的免疫反应和增强的稳定性。通过优化乳液助剂的油相，这项工作可能为安全、稳定和有效的乳液助剂提供替代策略。与水中的角鲨烯 ASEs 相比，大豆水中的 ASEs 表现出相当的免疫反应和增强的稳定性。通过优化乳液助剂的油相，这项工作可能为安全、稳定和有效的乳液助剂提供替代策略。