How to ensure resilience of food systems is a key concern in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, there is a renewed interest in the role of local food systems from policy, academic, and third-sector actors, who see those systems as a source of “bounce-back” resilience, supporting existing structures, but also as sources of “bounce-forward” transformative resilience. Both perspectives move debates around local food systems beyond the dominant focus on social exclusion (defensive localism). The capacity of the local food sector to provide either form of resilience depends on the resilience of the local food actors themselves, which has been little investigated to date. This paper addresses this important gap in scholarship through an investigation of the “bounce-back” and the “bounce-forward” resilience of local food actors in the UK during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We advance resilience scholarship by developing an analytical framework which combines attention to resilience characteristics (“what is there”) and to the systemic forces that enable and constrain their development (“how things work”). Attention to social capital, we argue, is crucial to understanding transformative resilience. We present rich qualitative data to illustrate the multi-faceted impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on local food system actors in the UK. This is complemented with a review of relevant policy and third-sector publications which contextualise local food system efforts. We conclude that while strong bonding and bridging capitals support the local food sector's persistence and adaptability, a lack of linking social capital, most visible as a “middle-class image problem,” is preventing it from achieving a transformative role. We argue that the local food sector needs to form alliances which would move it beyond a single-issue topic, and articulate local food as part of place-centred community resilience strategies that foster social capacities.

中文翻译：

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复原力和转型：英国当地食品部门在 COVID-19 大流行中的经验教训

在 COVID-19 大流行之后，如何确保粮食系统的复原力是一个关键问题。值得注意的是，政策、学术和第三部门参与者对当地粮食系统的作用产生了新的兴趣，他们将这些系统视为“反弹”弹性的来源，支持现有结构，但也是“向前反弹”的变革弹性。这两种观点都使围绕当地粮食系统的辩论超越了对社会排斥（防御性地方主义）的主要关注。当地食品部门提供任何一种形式的复原力的能力取决于当地食品行为者本身的复原力，迄今为止很少有人对此进行调查。本文通过调查第一波 COVID-19 大流行期间英国当地食品参与者的“反弹”和“向前反弹”复原力，解决了这一重要的学术差距。我们通过开发一个分析框架来推进复原力研究，该框架结合了对复原力特征（“存在什么”）和促进和限制其发展的系统性力量（“事物如何运作”）的关注。我们认为，关注社会资本对于理解变革韧性至关重要。我们提供了丰富的定性数据来说明 COVID-19 大流行对英国当地食品系统参与者的多方面影响。此外，还审查了相关政策和与当地粮食系统工作相关的第三部门出版物。我们得出的结论是，虽然强大的联系和桥梁资本支持当地食品部门的持久性和适应性，但缺乏联系的社会资本，最明显的是“中产阶级形象问题”，阻碍了它发挥变革作用。我们认为，当地食品部门需要形成联盟，使其超越单一问题主题，并将当地食品作为以地方为中心的社区复原力战略的一部分，以培养社会能力。