Biomolecules present in algae, such as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, and lipids, have wide applications as ingredients in different cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical products. Research efforts have been made to establish efficient extraction processes of the high-value bioactive compounds from algae to overcome the limitations of traditional extraction processes. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) are identified as economically sustainable, promising green extraction technologies which have wide applicability in the extraction of valuable bioactive molecules from natural resources including micro- and macroalgae. This review presents a detailed discussion for the extraction of biomolecules from the algae using the SFE and SWE techniques. In addition, the improvement of these technologies has been discussed considering the extraction of different bioactive and valuable compounds from different algae strains. Optimized process conditions and choice of solvents in the SFE and SWE processes depend on the biomass composition. Research endeavors for the enhancement of extraction yield of the different biomolecules are addressed. The integrated extraction process by combining the SFE and SWE techniques appears to be an effective method for extracting different valuable bioactive molecules. This review also discussed the perspective and challenge for using SFE and SWE processes on algae.

藻类中存在的生物分子，如碳水化合物、蛋白质、色素和脂质，作为不同药妆品、药物和保健品的成分具有广泛的应用。已经进行了研究以建立从藻类中高效提取高价值生物活性化合物的工艺，以克服传统提取工艺的局限性。超临界流体萃取 (SFE) 和亚临界水萃取 (SWE) 被认为是经济上可持续的、有前景的绿色萃取技术，在从包括微藻和大型藻类在内的自然资源中提取有价值的生物活性分子方面具有广泛的适用性。本综述详细讨论了使用 SFE 和 SWE 技术从藻类中提取生物分子。此外，考虑到从不同的藻类菌株中提取不同的生物活性和有价值的化合物，已经讨论了这些技术的改进。SFE 和 SWE 工艺中优化的工艺条件和溶剂选择取决于生物质组成。解决了提高不同生物分子的提取率的研究工作。通过结合 SFE 和 SWE 技术的综合提取过程似乎是提取不同有价值的生物活性分子的有效方法。本综述还讨论了在藻类上使用 SFE 和 SWE 工艺的前景和挑战。SFE 和 SWE 工艺中优化的工艺条件和溶剂选择取决于生物质组成。解决了提高不同生物分子的提取率的研究工作。通过结合 SFE 和 SWE 技术的综合提取过程似乎是提取不同有价值的生物活性分子的有效方法。本综述还讨论了在藻类上使用 SFE 和 SWE 工艺的前景和挑战。SFE 和 SWE 工艺中优化的工艺条件和溶剂选择取决于生物质组成。解决了提高不同生物分子的提取率的研究工作。通过结合 SFE 和 SWE 技术的综合提取过程似乎是提取不同有价值的生物活性分子的有效方法。本综述还讨论了在藻类上使用 SFE 和 SWE 工艺的前景和挑战。