Perforation is critical to create a flow pathway between a shale reservoir and the production casing for hydraulic fracturing. However, the damage characteristics of shales by abrasive waterjet (AWJ) remain unclear. To address this concern, AWJ experiment is conducted for three types of shale with different mineral compositions, including siliceous shale, calcareous shale, and carbonaceous shale. X-ray diffractometry measures the content of mineral components. A rock mechanics test system obtains the main physical and mechanical parameters of shale samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and acoustic emission (AE) are used to analyze the damage characteristics. The results indicate that siliceous shale with more brittle minerals is beneficial for the AWJ to create a larger perforation effectively, while carbonaceous shale with more clay minerals significantly lowers AWJ performance. For the shale with more brittle minerals, abrasive erosion and matrix spallation govern shale failures. As the clay content increases, the primary rock damage is abrasive cutting leading to the transgranular fracture. AE signals induced by AWJ impact could reflect breaking mechanisms and identify the difference in shale lithology. The energy dissipation gradually reduces during the AWJ process. Also, the dissipation has a negative linear correlation with the content of brittle minerals. This study provides fundamental insight into understanding shale damage by AWJ impact to optimize the perforation scheme.

射孔对于在页岩油藏和水力压裂的生产套管之间形成流动通道至关重要。然而，磨料水射流（AWJ）对页岩的破坏特征仍不清楚。为了解决这一问题，我们对硅质页岩、钙质页岩和碳质页岩三种不同矿物组成的页岩进行了 AWJ 实验。X 射线衍射法测量矿物成分的含量。岩石力学测试系统获取页岩样品的主要物理力学参数。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和声发射（AE）用于分析损伤特征。结果表明，脆性矿物较多的硅质页岩有利于 AWJ 有效地形成较大的射孔，而含有更多粘土矿物的碳质页岩会显着降低 AWJ 的性能。对于具有更多脆性矿物的页岩，磨蚀和基质剥落控制页岩破坏。随着粘土含量的增加，主要的岩石破坏是磨蚀作用，导致穿晶断裂。AWJ 冲击诱发的 AE 信号可以反映破碎机制并识别页岩岩性的差异。在 AWJ 过程中能量耗散逐渐减少。此外，耗散与脆性矿物的含量呈负线性相关。本研究为了解 AWJ 冲击造成的页岩损害以优化射孔方案提供了基本见解。随着粘土含量的增加，主要的岩石破坏是磨蚀作用，导致穿晶断裂。AWJ 冲击诱发的 AE 信号可以反映破碎机制并识别页岩岩性的差异。在 AWJ 过程中能量耗散逐渐减少。此外，耗散与脆性矿物的含量呈负线性相关。本研究为了解 AWJ 冲击造成的页岩损害以优化射孔方案提供了基本见解。随着粘土含量的增加，主要的岩石破坏是磨蚀作用，导致穿晶断裂。AWJ 冲击诱发的 AE 信号可以反映破碎机制并识别页岩岩性的差异。在 AWJ 过程中能量耗散逐渐减少。此外，耗散与脆性矿物的含量呈负线性相关。本研究为了解 AWJ 冲击造成的页岩损害以优化射孔方案提供了基本见解。耗散与脆性矿物含量呈负线性相关。本研究为了解 AWJ 冲击造成的页岩损害以优化射孔方案提供了基本见解。耗散与脆性矿物含量呈负线性相关。本研究为了解 AWJ 冲击造成的页岩损害以优化射孔方案提供了基本见解。