Agroforestry systems are the most promising land use practice for achieving both conservation goals and supporting rural livelihoods at landscape level. Coffee agroforests in Western Ghats region of India are sustainably managed under the shade of native trees. Kodagu district located in the Central Western Ghats is the largest shade coffee-growing regions in the country hosting rich biodiversity. In the recent years, the landscape is undergoing transformation in terms density and diversity of shade trees to increase coffee production. With the base line data from Coffee Agro-Forestry Network project during 2008, the present study was carried out during 2017 in four villages under Cauvery watershed, namely Arekad, Hachinad, Yeduru and Byrambada. The important objective of this study was to analyze the changes in tree diversity and structure and the effect of land tenure systems on tree density. We adopted similar sampling procedures for tree enumeration as that of first census conducted during 2008. Results revealed that the Grevillea robusta remained as the dominant tree species with an increased importance value index from 36.05 to 2008 to 53.29 in 2017. Tree density decreased significantly from 2008 (420 ± 349 number of stems ha^−l) to 2017 (274 ± 82 number of stems ha^−l). Basal area has increased from 2008 (27.62 ± 11.27 m2ha^−l) to 2017 (30.31 ± 11.03 m2ha^−l). Among the tenure systems, tree density was higher in unredeemed coffee farms compared to redeemed coffee farms. In this study, the sampling was limited to the Cauvery watershed. Therefore, we recommend further studies to address the dynamics of tree diversity and structure covering larger part of the coffee-growing region.

农林业系统是实现保护目标和在景观层面支持农村生计的最有前景的土地利用实践。印度西高止山脉地区的咖啡农林在本土树木的树荫下进行可持续管理。位于中西部高止山脉的 Kodagu 区是该国最大的遮荫咖啡种植区，拥有丰富的生物多样性。近年来，为了增加咖啡产量，该地区正在改变遮荫树的密度和多样性。根据 2008 年咖啡农林网络项目的基线数据，本研究于 2017 年在 Cauvery 流域下的四个村庄进行，即 Arekad、Hachinad、Yeduru 和 Byrambada。本研究的重要目的是分析树木多样性和结构的变化以及土地权属制度对树木密度的影响。我们采用了与 2008 年进行的第一次人口普查类似的树木计数抽样程序。结果显示，Grevillea robusta仍然是优势树种，其重要性值指数从 36.05 到 2008 年增加到 2017 年的 53.29。从 2008 年（420 ± 349 茎 ha ^-l）到 2017 年（274 ± 82茎 ha ），树木密度显着下降^-l )。基底面积从 2008 年 (27.62 ± 11.27 m2ha ^-l ) 增加到 2017 年 (30.31 ± 11.03 m2ha ^-l )。在权属制度中，未赎回的咖啡农场的树木密度高于赎回的咖啡农场。在这项研究中，采样仅限于 Cauvery 流域。因此，我们建议进一步研究以解决覆盖咖啡种植区大部分地区的树木多样性和结构的动态。