Patients with depression often suffer from sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders. However, whether they precede and predict subsequent depression is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies on sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders. We found insomnia, hypersomnia, short and long sleep duration, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome and eveningness orientation at baseline all led to subsequent depression. Those with propensity to late meal patterns, heightened levels of cortisol in awakening response and low robustness of rest-activity rhythm at baseline had higher risks for later depression. Among insomnia subtypes, difficulty initiating sleep and difficulty maintaining sleep predicted future depression. Notably, persistent insomnia at baseline contributed to more than two-fold risk of incident depression compared to insomnia. Moreover, insomnia symptom numbers showed dose-dependent relationship with the incident depression. In conclusion, different types of sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders were proven to be risk factors of subsequent depression, and mechanisms underlying the relationship between sleep disorders, non-sleep circadian disorders and subsequent depression should be further elucidated in the future.

抑郁症患者经常患有睡眠障碍和非睡眠昼夜节律障碍。然而，它们是否先于和预测随后的抑郁症尚不清楚。我们对睡眠障碍和非睡眠昼夜节律障碍的研究进行了荟萃分析。我们发现基线时失眠、嗜睡、睡眠时间短和长、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、不宁腿综合征和夜间定向都导致随后的抑郁症。那些倾向于晚进餐模式、觉醒反应中皮质醇水平升高以及基线时休息活动节律稳健性低的人患晚期抑郁症的风险更高。在失眠亚型中，入睡困难和维持睡眠困难预示着未来的抑郁症。尤其，与失眠相比，基线持续失眠导致抑郁症风险增加两倍以上。此外，失眠症状数量与抑郁症的发病呈剂量依赖性关系。总之，不同类型的睡眠障碍和非睡眠昼夜节律障碍被证明是继发抑郁症的危险因素，未来应进一步阐明睡眠障碍、非睡眠昼夜节律障碍和继发抑郁症之间关系的潜在机制。