The occupation layer of most medieval settlements in the central part of European Russia, Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, has been destroyed by long-term ploughing. Under such conditions, it is difficult to determine the particularities of the use of various parts of settlements by the ancient population, as well as restore the process of construction and destruction of individual buildings and defensive ramparts and ditches. The most reliable reconstructions can be derived from the results of the joint complementary use of geophysical methods, targeted excavations, and geochemical and biological surveys of the occupation layer. This approach was tested in the study of the Finno-Ugric settlement of Kushman-3 (9th–13th centuries AD), located in the western Cis-Urals, Russia. A comprehensive assessment of the organic carbon content, phosphorus content, abundance of thermophilic microorganisms, and urease and phosphatase enzymes activities in soil core was carried out. To generalize the data obtained, principal component analysis was used with the subsequent classification of core sections through the k-means algorithm. It is proposed to identify areas of different preservation levels of the original occupation layer of the settlement, i.e., superficially disrupted, replaced, and transported occupation layers. Statistical analysis of the chemical and biological properties of soil made it possible to demonstrate significant differences in the occupation layer between the inner and outer parts of the settlement of Kushman-3 (an area of regular residential centre and household periphery) and reconstruct the process of destruction of the fortification line. The revealed trends are in good agreement with the data of geophysical surveys, with a change in the particle size and morphological properties of soils in cores. The combination of diverse and independent features provides a high degree of reconstruction reliability.

俄罗斯欧洲中部，独联体-乌拉尔和外乌拉尔大部分中世纪聚居地的占领层，已被长期耕作破坏。在这种情况下，很难确定古代居民对聚落各部分使用的特殊性，也很难恢复个别建筑物和防御性城墙和沟渠的建造和破坏过程。最可靠的重建可以来自物探方法、目标开挖、占位层地球化学和生物调查联合互补使用的结果。这种方法在对位于俄罗斯西乌拉尔西部的库什曼 3 号（公元 9 世纪至 13 世纪）的芬兰-乌戈尔人定居点的研究中得到了测试。有机碳含量、磷含量、测定了土壤核心中嗜热微生物丰度、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性。为了概括获得的数据，主成分分析用于随后通过 k-means 算法对核心部分进行分类。建议对聚落原占用层进行不同保护等级的区域划分，即表面上打乱、替换和转移了占领层。通过对土壤化学和生物特性的统计分析，可以证明 Kushman-3 定居点（常规居住中心和家庭外围区域）内外占据层的显着差异，并重建了过程防御线的破坏。揭示的趋势与地球物理调查的数据非常吻合，岩心土壤的粒径和形态特性发生了变化。多样化和独立特征的组合提供了高度的重建可靠性。