Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Cruciferae family that has attracted attention as an oil crop and interseeded cover crop. We collected seeds of pennycress from five provenances in Northeast China, compared their characteristics, i.e. oil content, fatty acid composition, physical, chemical and antioxidant properties, their correlations with environmental factors were also analysed. There were significant differences in the seed characteristics, oil content, quality indicators and composition among different provenances (P < 0.05). The 1000-seed weight ranged from 0.80 to 1.03 g; seed oil content from 28.89 to 42.57%; iodine from 79.19 to 99.09; saponification value from 186.51 to 199.60; peroxide value from 0.07 to 10.60; and acid value from 0.97 to 13.02. The range of seed oil colours were 66.53–78.78 (L*), 4.51–10.29 (a*), and 105.68–121.35 (b*). Erucic acid (C22:1) was the fatty acids with the highest content in pennycress seed oils (31.12–35.31%), followed by linoleic acid (C18:2 16.92–18.95%) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3 14.05–15.34%). The fatty acid 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3) was detected for the first time in seed oils from Beian city, Panshi city and Kedong county, with contents of 1.13%, 0.84% and 1.03%, respectively. We compare and report for the first time on the radical-scavenging activity of the seed oils of pennycress. The EC50 values of the DPPH radical-scavenging activity and ABTS+ radical-scavenging activity of the seed oils from different provenances were 8.65–19.21 mg/mL and 6.82–10.61 mg/mL, respectively. The ferric ion reduction antioxidant capacity (FRAP) ranged from 0.11 to 0.30 mmol Fe2+/g, which is equivalent to 4 mg/mL FeSO4 of pennycress seed oils. There was a significant correlation between seed characteristics and changes in geographical factors. With increasing longitude, the thickness of seeds, 1000-seed weight, and seed oil content increased, while the acid and peroxide values of the seed oil decreased. As the latitude increased, the 1000-seed weight and seed oil content increased, while the seed oil peroxide value decreased. Furthermore, mean annual temperature and annual rainfall are the two key environmental factors affecting the quality of pennycress.

中文翻译：

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不同产地薏苡仁种子含油量、脂肪酸组成及抗氧化活性分析及与环境因子的相关性

Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) 是十字花科的一年生草本植物，作为油料作物和间种覆盖作物引起了人们的关注。我们从东北5个种源中采集了仙人掌种子，比较了它们的含油量、脂肪酸组成、物理、化学和抗氧化特性等特性，并分析了它们与环境因素的相关性。不同种源的种子性状、含油量、品质指标及组成存在显着差异（P < 0.05）。千粒重0.80～1.03克；种子含油量从 28.89% 到 42.57%；碘从 79.19 到 99.09；皂化值从 186.51 到 199.60；过氧化值从 0.07 到 10.60；酸值从 0.97 到 13.02。种子油颜色范围为 66.53–78.78 (L*)，4.51–10.29 (a*) 和 105.68–121.35 (b*)。芥酸（C22:1）是芥菜籽油中含量最高的脂肪酸（31.12-35.31%），其次是亚油酸（C18:2 16.92-18.95%）和α-亚麻酸（C18:3 14.05- 15.34%）。北安市、盘石市和克东县的种子油中首次检测到脂肪酸8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸(C20:3)，含量分别为1.13%、0.84%和1.03%。我们首次比较并报告了仙人掌种子油的自由基清除活性。不同产地种子油的DPPH自由基清除活性和ABTS+自由基清除活性的EC50值分别为8.65-19.21 mg/mL和6.82-10.61 mg/mL。铁离子还原抗氧化能力 (FRAP) 范围为 0.11 至 0.30 mmol Fe2+/g，相当于 4 mg/mL FeSO4 的仙人掌种子油。种子特性与地理因素变化之间存在显着相关性。随着经度的增加，种子的厚度、千粒重和种子含油量增加，而种子油的酸值和过氧化值降低。随着纬度的增加，千粒重和种子含油量增加，而种子油过氧化值降低。此外，年平均气温和年降雨量是影响仙人掌品质的两个关键环境因素。而种子油的酸值和过氧化值降低。随着纬度的增加，千粒重和种子含油量增加，而种子油过氧化值降低。此外，年平均气温和年降雨量是影响仙人掌品质的两个关键环境因素。而种子油的酸值和过氧化值降低。随着纬度的增加，千粒重和种子含油量增加，而种子油过氧化值降低。此外，年平均气温和年降雨量是影响仙人掌品质的两个关键环境因素。