Motor vehicle collisions are a common cause of death and serious injury. Many casualties will remain in their vehicle following a collision. Trapped patients have more injuries and are more likely to die than their untrapped counterparts. Current extrication methods are time consuming and have a focus on movement minimisation and mitigation. The optimal extrication strategy and the effect this extrication method has on spinal movement is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the movement at the cervical and lumbar spine for four commonly utilised extrication techniques. Biomechanical data was collected using inertial Measurement Units on 6 healthy volunteers. The extrication types examined were: roof removal, b-post rip, rapid removal and self-extrication. Measurements were recorded at the cervical and lumbar spine, and in the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) planes. Total movement (travel), maximal movement, mean, standard deviation and confidence intervals are reported for each extrication type. Data from a total of 230 extrications were collected for analysis. The smallest maximal and total movement (travel) were seen when the volunteer self-extricated (AP max = 2.6 mm, travel 4.9 mm). The largest maximal movement and travel were seen in rapid extrication extricated (AP max = 6.21 mm, travel 20.51 mm). The differences between self-extrication and all other methods were significant (p < 0.001), small non-significant differences existed between roof removal, b-post rip and rapid removal. Self-extrication was significantly quicker than the other extrication methods (mean 6.4 s). In healthy volunteers, self-extrication is associated with the smallest spinal movement and the fastest time to complete extrication. Rapid, B-post rip and roof off extrication types are all associated with similar movements and time to extrication in prepared vehicles.

中文翻译：

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在四种解救方法中评估脊柱运动：使用健康志愿者进行的生物力学研究

机动车碰撞是导致死亡和重伤的常见原因。发生碰撞后，许多伤员仍将留在车内。被困的患者比未受困的患者受伤更多，死亡的可能性更大。当前的解救方法非常耗时，并且侧重于移动最小化和缓解。最佳的解救策略以及这种解救方法对脊柱运动的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估四种常用的解救技术的颈椎和腰椎运动。使用惯性测量单元对 6 名健康志愿者收集生物力学数据。检查的解救类型为：屋顶拆除、b-post rip、快速拆除和自救。在颈椎和腰椎处记录测量值，在前后 (AP) 和横向 (LAT) 平面中。报告每种解救类型的总移动（移动）、最大移动、平均值、标准偏差和置信区间。收集了总共 230 次解救的数据进行分析。当志愿者自脱时（最大 AP = 2.6 毫米，行程 4.9 毫米），观察到最小的最大和总运动（行程）。最大的最大运动和行程出现在快速脱出（AP max = 6.21 mm，行程 20.51 mm）。自救与所有其他方法之间的差异是显着的（p < 0.001），屋顶拆除、b-post rip 和快速拆除之间存在小的非显着差异。自救明显快于其他解救方法（平均 6.4 秒）。在健康的志愿者中，自我解救与最小的脊柱运动和最快的完成解救有关。在准备好的车辆中，快速、B-post rip 和车顶脱离类型都与类似的运动和脱离时间相关联。