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A dynamic computational model of gaze and choice in multi-attribute decisions.
Psychological Review ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-13 , DOI: 10.1037/rev0000350
Xiaozhi Yang 1 , Ian Krajbich 1
Affiliation  

When making decisions, how people allocate their attention influences their choices. One empirical finding is that people are more likely to choose the option that they have looked at more. This relation has been formalized with the attentional drift-diffusion model (aDDM; Krajbich et al., 2010). However, options often have multiple attributes, and attention is also thought to govern the relative weighting of those attributes (Roe et al., 2001). Little is known about how these two distinct features of the choice process interact; we still lack a model (and tests of that model) that incorporate both option- and attribute-wise attention. Here, we propose a multi-attribute attentional drift-diffusion model (maaDDM) to account for attentional discount factors on both options and attributes. We then use five eye-tracking datasets (two-alternative, two-attribute preferential tasks) from different choice domains to test the model. We find very stable option-level and attribute-level attentional discount factors across datasets, though nonfixated options are consistently discounted more than nonfixated attributes. Additionally, we find that people generally discount the nonfixated attribute of the nonfixated option in a multiplicative way, and so that feature is consistently discounted the most. Finally, we also find that gaze allocation reflects attribute weights, with more gaze to higher-weighted attributes. In summary, our work uncovers an intricate interplay between attribute weights, gaze processes, and preferential choice.

中文翻译:

多属性决策中注视和选择的动态计算模型。

在做决定时,人们如何分配注意力会影响他们的选择。一项实证研究发现,人们更有可能选择他们看过更多的选项。这种关系已通过注意漂移扩散模型 (aDDM; Krajbich 等人, 2010) 形式化。然而,选项通常具有多个属性,注意力也被认为决定了这些属性的相对权重 (Roe et al., 2001)。关于选择过程的这两个截然不同的特征如何相互作用,我们知之甚少。我们仍然缺乏一个包含选项和属性注意的模型(以及该模型的测试)。在这里,我们提出了一个多属性注意力漂移扩散模型 (maaDDM) 来解释选项和属性的注意力折扣因素。然后我们使用五个眼动追踪数据集(两个替代的,双属性优先任务)来自不同的选择域来测试模型。我们发现跨数据集的选项级别和属性级别注意力折扣因子非常稳定,尽管非固定选项的折扣始终高于非固定属性。此外,我们发现人们通常以乘法方式低估非固定选项的非固定属性,因此该特征一直被低估最多。最后,我们还发现注视分配反映了属性权重,更多注视到更高权重的属性。总之,我们的工作揭示了属性权重、凝视过程和偏好选择之间错综复杂的相互作用。我们发现跨数据集的选项级别和属性级别注意力折扣因子非常稳定,尽管非固定选项的折扣始终高于非固定属性。此外,我们发现人们通常以乘法方式低估非固定选项的非固定属性,因此该特征一直被低估最多。最后,我们还发现注视分配反映了属性权重,更多注视到更高权重的属性。总之,我们的工作揭示了属性权重、凝视过程和偏好选择之间错综复杂的相互作用。我们发现跨数据集的选项级别和属性级别注意力折扣因子非常稳定,尽管非固定选项的折扣始终高于非固定属性。此外,我们发现人们通常以乘法方式低估非固定选项的非固定属性,因此该特征一直被低估最多。最后,我们还发现注视分配反映了属性权重,更多注视到更高权重的属性。总之,我们的工作揭示了属性权重、凝视过程和偏好选择之间错综复杂的相互作用。因此,该功能始终打折最多。最后,我们还发现注视分配反映了属性权重,更多注视到更高权重的属性。总之,我们的工作揭示了属性权重、凝视过程和偏好选择之间错综复杂的相互作用。因此,该功能始终打折最多。最后,我们还发现注视分配反映了属性权重,更多注视到更高权重的属性。总之,我们的工作揭示了属性权重、凝视过程和偏好选择之间错综复杂的相互作用。
更新日期:2022-01-13
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