BACKGROUND
Contacts with the criminal legal system have consequences for a host of outcomes. Still, early life age patterns of system involvement remain to be better understood.

OBJECTIVE
We estimate cumulative risks of arrest, probation, and incarceration from childhood through early adulthood and assess disparities by race/ethnicity, gender, and parental education.

METHODS
Data come from the Transition to Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n = 2,736). We use Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models to estimate cumulative risks of arrest, probation, and incarceration across the early life course and document disparities by race/ethnicity, gender, and parental education, as well as at their intersections.

RESULTS
Criminal legal system involvement is common among recent cohorts, but Black and Latinx boys and young men face especially high risks. Among Black men whose highest-educated parent completed high school or less, an estimated six in ten had been arrested, four in ten had experienced probation, and four in ten had been incarcerated by age 26. Among Latinx men whose highest-educated parent completed high school or less, an estimated four in ten had been arrested and one in four had been incarcerated by age 26. Black women also experienced high risks, with an estimated one in four arrested by age 26.



中文翻译：

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参与刑事法律系统的早期生活模式：种族/族裔、性别和父母教育造成的不平等（作者：Courtney Boen、Nick Graetz、Hannah Olson、Zohra Ansari-Thomas、Laurin Bixby、Rebecca Anna Schut、Hedwig Lee）

 背景

与刑事法律系统的接触会产生许多结果。尽管如此，系统参与的早期生命年龄模式仍有待更好地理解。

 客观的

我们估计从童年到成年早期被捕、缓刑和监禁的累积风险，并评估种族/民族、性别和父母教育程度的差异。

 方法

数据来自收入动态小组研究的成年期补充补充（n = 2,736）。我们使用卡普​​兰-迈耶曲线和考克斯回归模型来估计整个早期生命历程中被捕、缓刑和监禁的累积风险，并记录种族/民族、性别和父母教育及其交叉点的差异。

 结果

在最近的人群中，刑事法律系统的参与很常见，但黑人和拉丁裔男孩和年轻人面临的风险尤其高。在父母受教育程度最高的高中或以下学历的黑人男性中，估计十分之六的人被捕，十分之四的人经历过缓刑，十分之四的人在 26 岁时被监禁。高中或以下学生中，估计十分之四的人在 26 岁时被捕，四分之一的人在 26 岁时被监禁。黑人女性也面临着很高的风险，估计四分之一的人在 26 岁时被捕。