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The prognostic utility of protein C as a biomarker for adult sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Critical Care ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-14 , DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03889-2
Vanessa Catenacci 1 , Fatima Sheikh 1 , Kush Patel 2 , Alison E Fox-Robichaud 3
Affiliation  

Sepsis, the dysregulated host response to infection, triggers abnormal pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory host responses. Limitations in early disease intervention highlight the need for effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Protein C’s role as an anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory molecule makes it an appealing target for sepsis biomarker studies. This meta-analysis aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of protein C (PC) as a biomarker for adult sepsis. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from database inception to September 12, 2021. We included prospective observational studies of (1) adult patients (> 17) with sepsis or suspicion of sepsis that; (2) measured PC levels with 24 h of study admission with; and (3) the goal of examining PC as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker. Two authors screened articles and conducted risk of bias (RoB) assessment, using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) and the Quality Assessment in Diagnostic Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tools. If sufficient data were available, meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) between patient populations. Twelve studies were included, and 8 were synthesized for meta-analysis. Pooled analysis demonstrated moderate certainty of evidence that PC levels were less reduced in sepsis survivors compared to non-survivors (6 studies, 741 patients, SMD = 0.52, 95% CI 0.24–0.81, p = 0.0003, I2 = 55%), and low certainty of evidence that PC levels were less reduced in septic patients without disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) compared to those with DIC (3 studies, 644 patients, SMD = 0.97, 95% CI 0.62–1.32, p < 0.00001, I2 = 67%). PC could not be evaluated as a diagnostic tool due to heterogeneous control populations between studies. Our review demonstrates that PC levels were significantly higher in sepsis survivors compared to non-survivors and patients with sepsis but not disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Our evaluation is limited by high RoB in included studies and poor reporting of the sensitivity and specificity of PC as a sepsis biomarker. Future studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PC to identify its clinical significance as a biomarker for early sepsis recognition. Trial Registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021229786. The study protocol was published in BMJ Open.

中文翻译:

蛋白 C 作为成人脓毒症生物标志物的预后效用:系统评价和荟萃分析

脓毒症是宿主对感染的失调反应,会引发异常的促凝血和促炎宿主反应。早期疾病干预的局限性突出了对有效诊断和预后生物标志物的需求。蛋白 C 作为抗凝剂和抗炎分子的作用使其成为脓毒症生物标志物研究的有吸引力的目标。这项荟萃分析旨在评估蛋白 C (PC) 作为成人脓毒症生物标志物的诊断和预后价值。我们检索了从数据库开始到 2021 年 9 月 12 日的 MEDLINE、PubMed、EMBASE、CINAHL 和 Cochrane 图书馆。我们纳入了对 (1) 患有败血症或疑似败血症的成年患者 (> 17) 的前瞻性观察研究;(2) 在入学 24 小时内测量 PC 水平;(3) 将 PC 作为诊断或预后生物标志物进行检查的目标。两位作者使用预后研究质量 (QUIPS) 和诊断研究质量评估-2 (QUADAS-2) 工具筛选文章并进行偏倚风险 (RoB) 评估。如果有足够的数据可用,则进行荟萃分析以估计患者群体之间的标准化平均差 (SMD)。纳入了 12 项研究,并综合了 8 项进行荟萃分析。汇总分析表明,与非幸存者相比,脓毒症幸存者的 PC 水平降低较少(6 项研究,741 名患者,SMD = 0.52, 95% CI 0.24–0.81, p = 0.0003, I2 = 55%),并且与有 DIC 的患者相比,没有 DIC 的脓毒症患者 PC 水平降低较少的证据质量低(3 项研究,644 名患者,SMD = 0.97,95% CI 0.62–1.32,p < 0.00001,I2 = 67%)。由于研究之间的对照人群异质,PC 无法作为诊断工具进行评估。我们的审查表明,与非幸存者和脓毒症患者相比,脓毒症幸存者的 PC 水平显着高于弥散性血管内凝血 (DIC) 患者。我们的评估受限于纳入研究中的高 RoB 以及对 PC 作为败血症生物标志物的敏感性和特异性的报告不佳。未来的研究需要确定 PC 的敏感性和特异性,以确定其作为早期脓毒症识别生物标志物的临床意义。试用注册 PROSPERO 注册号:CRD42021229786。研究方案发表在 BMJ Open 上。我们的审查表明,与非幸存者和脓毒症患者相比,脓毒症幸存者的 PC 水平显着高于弥散性血管内凝血 (DIC) 患者。我们的评估受限于纳入研究中的高 RoB 以及对 PC 作为败血症生物标志物的敏感性和特异性的报告不佳。未来的研究需要确定 PC 的敏感性和特异性,以确定其作为早期脓毒症识别生物标志物的临床意义。试用注册 PROSPERO 注册号:CRD42021229786。研究方案发表在 BMJ Open 上。我们的审查表明,与非幸存者和脓毒症患者相比,脓毒症幸存者的 PC 水平显着高于弥散性血管内凝血 (DIC) 患者。我们的评估受限于纳入研究中的高 RoB 以及对 PC 作为败血症生物标志物的敏感性和特异性的报告不佳。未来的研究需要确定 PC 的敏感性和特异性,以确定其作为早期脓毒症识别生物标志物的临床意义。试用注册 PROSPERO 注册号:CRD42021229786。研究方案发表在 BMJ Open 上。我们的评估受限于纳入研究中的高 RoB 以及对 PC 作为败血症生物标志物的敏感性和特异性的报告不佳。未来的研究需要确定 PC 的敏感性和特异性,以确定其作为早期脓毒症识别生物标志物的临床意义。试用注册 PROSPERO 注册号:CRD42021229786。研究方案发表在 BMJ Open 上。我们的评估受限于纳入研究中的高 RoB 以及对 PC 作为败血症生物标志物的敏感性和特异性的报告不佳。未来的研究需要确定 PC 的敏感性和特异性,以确定其作为早期脓毒症识别生物标志物的临床意义。试用注册 PROSPERO 注册号:CRD42021229786。研究方案发表在 BMJ Open 上。
更新日期:2022-01-14
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