Objective To review and frequently update the available evidence on injury risk factors and epidemiology of injury in trail running. Design Living systematic review. Updated searches will be done every 6 months for a minimum period of 5 years. Data sources Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to 18 March 2021. Eligibility criteria Studies that investigated injury risk factors and/or reported the epidemiology of injury in trail running. Results Nineteen eligible studies were included, of which 10 studies investigated injury risk factors among 2 785 participants. Significant intrinsic factors associated with injury are: more running experience, level A runner and higher total propensity to sports accident questionnaire (PAD-22) score. Previous history of cramping and postrace biomarkers of muscle damage is associated with cramping. Younger age and low skin phototypes are associated with sunburn. Significant extrinsic factors associated with injury are neglecting warm-up, no specialised running plan, training on asphalt, double training sessions per day and physical labour occupations. A slower race finishing time is associated with cramping, while more than 3 hours of training per day, shade as the primary mode of sun protection and being single are associated with sunburn. An injury incidence range 0.7–61.2 injuries/1000 hours of running and prevalence range 1.3% to 90% were reported. The lower limb was the most reported region of injury, specifically involving blisters of the foot/toe. Conclusion Limited studies investigated injury risk factors in trail running. Our review found eight intrinsic and nine extrinsic injury risk factors. This review highlighted areas for future research that may aid in designing injury risk management strategies for safer trail running participation. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021240832.

中文翻译：

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越野跑伤害风险因素：活生生的系统评价

目的回顾并经常更新关于越野跑损伤危险因素和流行病学的现有证据。设计生活系统评价。更新的搜索将每 6 个月进行一次，至少持续 5 年。数据来源 从开始到 2021 年 3 月 18 日，对八个电子数据库进行了搜索。 资格标准 调查损伤风险因素和/或报告越野跑损伤流行病学的研究。结果 纳入 19 项符合条件的研究，其中 10 项研究调查了 2 785 名参与者的伤害危险因素。与损伤相关的重要内在因素是：更多的跑步经验、A 级跑步者和更高的运动事故总倾向问卷（PAD-22）得分。以前的抽筋史和肌肉损伤的赛后生物标志物与抽筋有关。年龄较小和皮肤光型较低与晒伤有关。与受伤相关的重要外在因素是忽视热身、没有专门的跑步计划、沥青训练、每天两次训练和体力劳动。较慢的比赛结束时间与抽筋有关，而每天超过 3 小时的训练、遮荫作为主要防晒方式和单身与晒伤有关。据报道，受伤发生率范围为 0.7-61.2 次/1000 小时跑步，患病率范围为 1.3% 至 90%。下肢是报告最多的受伤区域，特别是脚/脚趾的水泡。结论 有限的研究调查了越野跑中的伤害风险因素。我们的审查发现了八种内在和九种外在伤害风险因素。这篇综述突出了未来研究的领域，这些领域可能有助于设计伤害风险管理策略，以实现更安全的越野跑参与。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42021240832。