The internal reuse of shale gas flowback and produced water (SGFPW) can ease the pressure on treatment and management costs and freshwater supply. Internal reuse of SGFPW based on membrane treatments is faced with major challenges of the divalent ion and organic pollutant removal as well as membrane fouling control. To solve these problems, a green and efficient adsorbent of porous biochar aerogel (PBA) was combined with ultrafiltration (UF)-nanofiltration (NF) for SGFPW internal reuse in this study. The removal performance of dissolved organic carbon (DOC, >85.9%) and divalent ions (>70.6%) for three SGFPW showed feasibility of PBA-UF-NF process for internal reuse. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D EEM) fluorescence spectrum, organic fractionation and the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory were used to identify the organic composition of SGFPW and analyze membrane fouling. PBA tended to adsorb hydrophobic fraction and alleviated UF membrane fouling caused by attractive hydrophobicity. NF membrane fouling was mitigated due to the increased polar repulsion as well as the decreased synergistic fouling between organics and divalent cations through the reduction of DOC by PBA. PBA-UF-NF process had good performance on organic pollutant and divalent ion removal with decreasing membrane fouling, presenting potential to treat SGFPW onsite for internal reuse.

页岩气返排和采出水（SGFPW）的内部再利用可以缓解处理和管理成本以及淡水供应的压力。基于膜处理的 SGFPW 内部再利用面临着去除二价离子和有机污染物以及膜污染控制的重大挑战。为了解决这些问题，本研究将一种绿色高效的多孔生物炭气凝胶（PBA）吸附剂与超滤（UF）-纳滤（NF）相结合，用于SGFPW内部再利用。三种 SGFPW 对溶解有机碳（DOC，>85.9%）和二价离子（>70.6%）的去除性能表明 PBA-UF-NF 工艺内部再利用的可行性。三维激发发射矩阵（3D EEM）荧光光谱，有机分馏和扩展的 Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) 理论用于识别 SGFPW 的有机成分并分析膜污染。PBA倾向于吸附疏水部分并减轻由吸引疏水性引起的UF膜污染。由于极性排斥增加以及通过 PBA 降低 DOC 减少有机物和二价阳离子之间的协同污染，NF 膜污染得到缓解。PBA-UF-NF工艺在有机污染物和二价离子去除方面具有良好的性能，同时减少了膜污染，具有现场处理SGFPW供内部再利用的潜力。由于极性排斥增加以及通过 PBA 降低 DOC 减少有机物和二价阳离子之间的协同污染，NF 膜污染得到缓解。PBA-UF-NF工艺在有机污染物和二价离子去除方面具有良好的性能，同时减少了膜污染，具有现场处理SGFPW供内部再利用的潜力。由于极性排斥增加以及通过 PBA 降低 DOC 减少有机物和二价阳离子之间的协同污染，NF 膜污染得到缓解。PBA-UF-NF工艺在有机污染物和二价离子去除方面具有良好的性能，同时减少了膜污染，具有现场处理SGFPW供内部再利用的潜力。