Children’s unique developmental and contextual needs make it challenging to measure empathy validly and reliably. This scoping review is the first to collate currently available information about self-report, other-report, and performance-based questionnaire measures of empathy for children aged up to 11 years. Following the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR; Tricco et al., 2018), a literature search using PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar identified 24 relevant measures of empathy in children, with publication years spanning 1958 to 2019. Questionnaires could broadly be classified into four groups, according to the extent to which they were developed with children’s developmental needs and contexts in mind, and were based on contemporary theory and research findings. There was a distinction between performance-based measures, which elicited children’s empathy-related responses to novel content and therefore assessed situational state empathy, and self- and other-report measures, which rated children’s general empathic tendencies and thus assessed dispositional trait empathy. Results highlighted the importance of researchers having clarity on their definition of empathy and choosing measures consistent with this, and the merit of utilizing a multimodal assessment approach.

儿童独特的发展和情境需求使得有效和可靠地衡量同理心具有挑战性。该范围界定审查首次整理了有关 11 岁以下儿童同理心的自我报告、其他报告和基于绩效的问卷测量的当前可用信息。遵循系统评价的首选报告项目和范围界定评价的元分析扩展指南（PRISMA-ScR；Tricco 等人，2018 年），使用 PsycINFO、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 进行的文献搜索确定了 24 项儿童同理心的相关措施，出版年份从 1958 年到 2019 年。问卷大致可以分为四组，根据它们在多大程度上考虑到儿童的发展需求和背景而制定，并基于当代理论和研究结果。基于表现的测量和自我和他人报告测量之间存在区别，前者引发儿童对新内容的同理心反应，从而评估情境状态同理心，后者评价儿童的一般同理心倾向，从而评估性格特质同理心。结果强调了研究人员明确他们对同理心的定义并选择与之一致的措施的重要性，以及利用多模式评估方法的优点。评估儿童的一般移情倾向，从而评估性格特质移情。结果强调了研究人员明确他们对同理心的定义并选择与之一致的措施的重要性，以及利用多模式评估方法的优点。评估儿童的一般移情倾向，从而评估性格特质移情。结果强调了研究人员明确他们对同理心的定义并选择与之一致的措施的重要性，以及利用多模式评估方法的优点。