Lithium metal batteries have shown great potential for the development of efficient energy storage devices. However, the uncontrollable growth of lithium metal dendrites results in poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns. In this study, amphiphilic triblock copolymers (P123) were used for the direct polymerization of silica precursors, resulting in a well-ordered mesoporous silica structure SBA-15 with a large surface area and excellent absorbent properties for the protective layer. The protective layer consisting of SBA-15 stores Li ions in a large number of pores as an electrolyte reservoir, which exhibits sufficient ionic conductivity. Furthermore, it ensures a spatially uniform Li-ion flux on the anode surface and plays an important role in the physical blocking of dendrite growth. As proof of concept, the SAB-15 protective layer anode demonstrates a high average Coulomb efficiency, rate capability, and cycle stability at 1 mA h cm⁻² over 1200 cycles. Moreover, SAB-15 can be cycled stably for more than 750 cycles in symmetric cells. The results provide insights for implementing stable lithium metal anodes in next-generation batteries.

锂金属电池在开发高效储能装置方面显示出巨大潜力。然而，锂金属枝晶的不可控生长导致循环效率差和严重的安全问题。在这项研究中，两亲性三嵌段共聚物（P123）用于二氧化硅前体的直接聚合，得到了有序的介孔二氧化硅结构SBA-15，具有较大的表面积和优异的保护层吸收性能。由 SBA-15 组成的保护层将锂离子储存在大量孔隙中作为电解质储层，具有足够的离子电导率。此外，它确保了阳极表面上空间均匀的锂离子通量，并在物理阻挡枝晶生长方面发挥着重要作用。作为概念证明，^-2超过 1200 个循环。此外，SAB-15 可以在对称电池中稳定循环超过 750 次。该结果为在下一代电池中实现稳定的锂金属负极提供了见解。