Achieving ambitious goals to conserve at least 30% of U.S. lands and waters by 2030 (“30 × 30”) will require a multiscale baseline understanding of current protections, key decisionmakers, and policy tools for moving forward. To help conservationists and decisionmakers support the science-based call to address the biodiversity and climate crises, we analyze the current spatial patterns of biodiversity and carbon in the United States relative to protected areas and present a typology for classifying land contributions toward the 30 × 30 goals. Analyses demonstrate that 30% is achievable nationally, but spatial heterogeneity highlights the need for tailored approaches from a mix of authorities at federal, regional, and state scales. Current land protections rarely overlap with areas essential for conserving imperiled species biodiversity and mitigating climate change. One-fifth of unprotected biodiversity hotspots and over 8% carbon-rich areas face a higher risk of land conversion by 2050. In contrast, 3.6% of key biodiversity areas and 15.6% of carbon-rich areas may experience higher climate exposure. Policy considerations for making practical, substantive progress toward ecologically meaningful achievement of 30 × 30 goal include the need for significant investments in public and private lands conservation.

中文翻译：

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确定在美国实现 30 × 30 的关键联邦、州和私人土地战略

实现雄心勃勃的目标，即到 2030 年保护至少 30% 的美国土地和水域（“30 × 30”），需要对当前的保护措施、关键决策者和向前推进的政策工具进行多尺度基线理解。为了帮助保护主义者和决策者支持以科学为基础的呼吁，以解决生物多样性和气候危机，我们分析了美国目前相对于保护区的生物多样性和碳的空间格局，并提出了一种将土地贡献分类为 30 × 30目标。分析表明，30% 在全国范围内是可以实现的，但空间异质性凸显了联邦、地区和州级当局混合制定定制方法的必要性。目前的土地保护很少与保护濒危物种生物多样性和缓解气候变化至关重要的领域重叠。到 2050 年，五分之一未受保护的生物多样性热点和超过 8% 的富碳地区面临更高的土地转化风险。相比之下，3.6% 的关键生物多样性地区和 15.6% 的富碳地区可能面临更高的气候暴露。在实现 30 × 30 的生态意义目标方面取得切实、实质性进展的政策考虑包括需要对公共和私人土地保护进行大量投资。