Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is a valuable tropical timber species native to South and Southeast Asia. In this study, we carried out a genetic diversity analysis among 238 accessions from 11 populations (representing eleven states) maintained in National Teak Germplasm Bank (NTGB) using SSR markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed variations of 85% within and 15% among populations. Estimates of total number of alleles, nei’s gene diversity (h) and shannon’s information index (I) showed existence of high genetic variation between geographical regions. Accessions from Karnataka (h = 0.855, I = 2.12) and Odisha (h = 0.858, I = 2.11) exhibited the higher Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon's information index followed by accessions of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The entire collections were clustered into two groups, confirmed by Bayesian model-based structure analysis. An analysis of population Q matrix revealed that the proportion of membership for few accessions were not distinct. Accessions from Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat constituted one cluster whereas, Tamil Nadu & Kerala formed second cluster. Accessions from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra were found to be an admixture of both clusters. The influence of human and environmental factors might have played a major role in formation of a transition group. Possible reasons for the high genetic diversity and heterozygosity within this species are discussed and our results have firmly established that introduction of genetic materials from country-wide sources with larger sample size may broaden the genetic base and strategy of conservation programme at NTBG.

柚木 ( Tectona grandis Lf) 是一种珍贵的热带木材，原产于南亚和东南亚。在这项研究中，我们使用 SSR 标记对保存在国家柚木种质库 (NTGB) 中的 11 个种群（代表 11 个州）的 238 个种质进行了遗传多样性分析。分子方差分析 (AMOVA) 显示群体内的差异为 85%，群体间的差异为 15%。对等位基因总数、nei基因多样性（h）和香农信息指数（I）的估计表明，地理区域之间存在高度遗传变异。来自卡纳塔克邦 ( h  = 0.855, I  = 2.12) 和奥里萨邦 ( h  = 0.858, I = 2.11) 表现出较高的 Nei 基因多样性和 Shannon 信息指数，其次是马哈拉施特拉邦和泰米尔纳德邦。整个集合分为两组，由基于贝叶斯模型的结构分析证实。对种群 Q 矩阵的分析表明，少数种质的成员比例并不明显。来自奥里萨邦、中央邦、北方邦和古吉拉特邦的加入物构成了一个集群，而泰米尔纳德邦和喀拉拉邦形成了第二个集群。来自安得拉邦、卡纳塔克邦和马哈拉施特拉邦的种质被发现是这两个集群的混合物。人类和环境因素的影响可能在过渡群体的形成中发挥了重要作用。