Curcuma alismatifolia is a showy ornamental of the genus Curcuma. Thirty-two C. alismatifolia accessions with high morphologic diversity were collected in this study. A total of 139 alleles were detected by 27 SSR markers. The average values of Shannon's Information index (I) and polymorphism information content were 1.267 and 0.667, respectively. Population structure about the C. alismatifolia accessions was first reported, and the 32 C. alismatifolia accessions were divided into two groups. The genetic differentiation (Fst) between these two groups was 0.127. Phylogenetic analysis showed that two clusters of the whole accessions in the study were related to pedicel length, inflorescence length and yield. The results suggested a high level of genetic diversity among these accessions. Taken together, this study provides a reference for C. alismatifolia industry and a new insight into the genetic diversity and population structure, as well as promotes the breeding program of C. alismatifolia.

泽泻叶姜黄是姜黄属的艳丽观赏植物。本研究收集了32份具有高度形态多样性的泽泻种质。27个SSR标记共检测到139个等位基因。香农信息指数（I）和多态信息含量的平均值分别为1.267和0.667。最早报道了泽泻种质的种群结构，32种泽泻加入被分为两组。这两组之间的遗传分化（Fst）为0.127。系统发育分析表明，研究中的两个簇与花梗长度、花序长度和产量有关。结果表明这些种质之间具有高水平的遗传多样性。综上所述，本研究为泽泻产业提供了参考，为了解泽泻的遗传多样性和种群结构提供了新的思路，促进了泽泻的育种计划。