Traumatic brain injury is the alteration in brain function due to an external force. It is common and affects millions of people worldwide annually. The World Health Organization estimates that 90% of global deaths caused by injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries, with traumatic brain injury contributing up to half of these trauma-related deaths. Patients with traumatic brain injury in low- and middle-income countries have twice the odds of dying compared with their counterparts in high-income countries. Sedation is a key element of care in the management of traumatic brain injury, used for its neuroprotective effects and to prevent secondary brain injury. While sedatives have the potential to improve outcomes, they can be challenging to administer and have potentially dangerous complications. Sedation in low-resource settings should aim to be effective, safe, affordable and feasible. In this paper, we summarise the indications for sedation in traumatic brain injury, the choice of sedative drugs and the pragmatic management and monitoring of sedated traumatic brain injury patients in low-resource settings.

中文翻译：

---

在资源匮乏的环境中预防继发性脑损伤的实用镇静策略。

创伤性脑损伤是由于外力引起的脑功能改变。它很常见，每年影响全世界数百万人。世界卫生组织估计，全球 90% 的因伤害导致的死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家，其中创伤性脑损伤占这些与创伤相关的死亡人数的一半。与高收入国家的同行相比，低收入和中等收入国家的创伤性脑损伤患者的死亡几率是其两倍。镇静是治疗创伤性脑损伤的关键护理要素，用于神经保护作用和预防继发性脑损伤。虽然镇静剂具有改善结果的潜力，但它们可能难以管理并且具有潜在的危险并发症。资源匮乏地区的镇静应以有效、安全、负担得起和可行为目标。在本文中，我们总结了颅脑损伤镇静剂的适应证、镇静药物的选择以及资源匮乏地区镇静颅脑损伤患者的实用管理和监测。