Surgery and anaesthesia subject the brain to considerable stress in the peri-operative period. This may be caused by potentially neurotoxic anaesthetic drugs, impaired cerebral perfusion and reperfusion injury related to surgery or thromboembolic events. Patient monitoring using electroencephalogram and cerebral oximetry can assist in optimising depth of anaesthesia and assessment of cerebral metabolic activity. However, research findings have been contradictory as to whether these monitors can help ameliorate peri-operative neurocognitive complications. In this narrative review, we will discuss recent evidence in the use of electroencephalography and cerebral oximetry and the underlying scientific principles. It is important to appreciate the raw electroencephalographic changes under anaesthesia and those associated with ageing, in order to interpret depth of anaesthesia indices correctly. Cerebral oximetry is useful not only for the detection of cerebral desaturation but also to identify those patients who are particularly vulnerable to injury, for better risk stratification. An algorithm-based approach may be most effective in managing the episodes of cerebral desaturation.

中文翻译：

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用脑电图和脑血氧仪进行围手术期神经学监测：叙述性回顾。

手术和麻醉在围手术期使大脑承受相当大的压力。这可能是由潜在的神经毒性麻醉药物、与手术或血栓栓塞事件相关的脑灌注受损和再灌注损伤引起的。使用脑电图和脑血氧饱和度监测患者可以帮助优化麻醉深度和评估脑代谢活动。然而，关于这些监测器是否有助于改善围手术期神经认知并发症的研究结果存在矛盾。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们将讨论最近使用脑电图和脑血氧饱和度的证据以及基本的科学原理。重要的是要了解麻醉下的原始脑电图变化以及与衰老相关的变化，为了正确解释麻醉深度指数。脑血氧饱和度不仅可用于检测脑血氧饱和度下降，还可用于识别那些特别容易受伤的患者，以便更好地进行风险分层。基于算法的方法可能在管理脑去饱和发作方面最为有效。